107 Use of virtual fences to co-fence two groups of cattle with a shared virtual boundary Article Swipe
Thomas Aquino
,
Mary E Drewnoski
,
Biquan Zhao
,
Pedro Henrique Jota Fernandes
,
Isaque Vicci
,
Mitchell Stephenson
,
Yijie Xiong
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf170.051
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf170.051
Virtual fencing (VF) provides cattle producers with an opportunity to manage grazing more intensively without the need to build physical fences. Cattle are fitted with GPS equipped collars and are kept within producer determined boundaries through the use of audio and electric stimuli. There is extensive literature to support the use of virtual fences at managing one group of cattle within a virtual paddock. However, there is no data exploring the use of VF to manage multiple groups of cattle within the same pasture separated by only a VF boundary. In this 8-week crossover design study, groups of VF-trained cattle (n=39) were housed in different pasture layouts to determine the efficacy of VF containing 2 separate groups with a shared VF boundary in the same pasture. The fence conditions were isolated (ISO) where one group of cattle was housed in a pasture with no other cattle around and co-fenced (CO), where 2 groups were grazed in the same pasture with a shared VF boundary. Two groups of 13 yearling steers grazed in alternating pasture layouts (CO or ISO) for eight 7-day (1 week) periods and the daily average of audio and electrical cues were recorded for each group. A third group of steers, managed with VF, was used to create the co-fence treatment in each pasture. It was hypothesized that the average number of both audio and electrical cues would be greater in the CO treatment, as cattle would attempt to escape the VF to get to the other group of cattle. Data analysis was done using the mixed procedure of SAS. Dependent variables included the number of audio and electrical stimuli, and the treatment was fencing conditions. Random effects were pasture, week, and day of the week, with week being a repeated measure as well. The VF was effective at keeping all cattle contained, with only one instance of one individual animal escaping from the virtual boundary. There was no statistical difference in the number of audio (P=0.92), or electric (P=0.34) cues received by animals housed under either fencing type. When cattle were isolated, the average number of audio cues per animal per day was 15.2±10.6 and the average number of electrical cues per animal per day was 0.726±1.14. When co-fenced with other cattle, average audio cues were 15.0±10.5 and electrical cues were 0.567±0.505. The success of this study opens many doors for pasture managers, including developing more intensive grazing systems without the need to construct additional physical fences.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
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- https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-pdf/103/Supplement_2/41/63509672/skaf170.051.pdf
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4411709532Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf170.051Digital Object Identifier
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107 Use of virtual fences to co-fence two groups of cattle with a shared virtual boundaryWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
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enPrimary language
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2025Year of publication
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2025-06-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Thomas Aquino, Mary E Drewnoski, Biquan Zhao, Pedro Henrique Jota Fernandes, Isaque Vicci, Mitchell Stephenson, Yijie XiongList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf170.051Publisher landing page
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https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-pdf/103/Supplement_2/41/63509672/skaf170.051.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-pdf/103/Supplement_2/41/63509672/skaf170.051.pdfDirect OA link when available
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Fence (mathematics), Boundary (topology), Business, Mathematics, Engineering, Structural engineering, Mathematical analysisTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.and | 29, 41, 148, 185, 191, 227, 270, 273, 284, 358, 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 23, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.day | 285, 355, 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 179, 196, 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.get | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 57, 134, 308, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.per | 352, 354, 365, 367 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 16, 37, 50, 71, 82, 110, 124, 157, 186, 211, 221, 234, 243, 248, 258, 266, 274, 287, 316, 325, 346, 359, 404 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 38, 51, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 138, 207, 218, 255, 276, 299, 320, 356, 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(VF) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Data | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ISO) | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SAS. | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 342, 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cues | 193, 229, 333, 351, 364, 378, 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.done | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 197, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kept | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 392 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 13, 399 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 17, 405 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 87, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 83, 125, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 92, 389 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.week | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 102, 130, 154, 194, 281, 344, 379, 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 7, 25, 118, 143, 160, 205, 289, 306, 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CO), | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ISO) | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7-day | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.There | 44, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.audio | 40, 190, 226, 269, 328, 350, 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.build | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.daily | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doors | 393 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eight | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fence | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 58, 135, 201, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixed | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opens | 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 145, 249, 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.third | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type. | 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.week) | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.week, | 283, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well. | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 133, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.would | 230, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(n=39) | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.8-week | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cattle | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Random | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animal | 313, 353, 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.around | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cattle | 5, 60, 80, 100, 137, 146, 238, 304, 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.create | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.escape | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fences | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fitted | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grazed | 155, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group. | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 78, 97, 117, 153, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.housed | 103, 139, 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manage | 11, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 223, 267, 326, 348, 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shared | 120, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steers | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 32, 61, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Virtual | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animals | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempt | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 188, 222, 347, 360, 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cattle, | 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cattle. | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collars | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fences. | 21, 410 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fencing | 2, 277, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grazing | 12, 401 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeping | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layouts | 107, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.managed | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure | 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pasture | 84, 106, 142, 159, 174, 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.periods | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steers, | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.success | 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 402 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virtual | 53, 63, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 15, 403 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(P=0.34) | 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boundary | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.co-fence | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electric | 42, 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equipped | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.escaping | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instance | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolated | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.managing | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paddock. | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pasture, | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pasture. | 126, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physical | 20, 409 |
| abstract_inverted_index.producer | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.received | 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recorded | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.repeated | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separate | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimuli, | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimuli. | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yearling | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(P=0.92), | 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Dependent | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boundary. | 90, 164, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.co-fenced | 149, 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construct | 407 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crossover | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploring | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 397 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intensive | 400 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolated, | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.managers, | 396 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedure | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.producers | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separated | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 213, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15.0±10.5 | 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15.2±10.6 | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.VF-trained | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 408 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boundaries | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contained, | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.containing | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 398 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrical | 192, 228, 271, 363, 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment, | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternating | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions. | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intensively | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opportunity | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistical | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.726±1.14. | 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypothesized | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.567±0.505. | 385 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.22825939 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |