A Bi-level Optimization-based Architecture for the Scheduling and Real-Time Control of Microgrids With Hydrogen Production System Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015
This paper proposes a novel bi-level architecture for the scheduling and real-time control of a microgrid with a hydrogen production system. It consists of an economic optimization that performs the operational management of the microgrid at the higher level. At the lower level, a real-time controller, based on a Reference Governor (RG), is designed to control the stack's temperature of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer under the flexible operation imposed by the economic optimization. When switching from one power level to another, the stack's temperature is having a sudden change that might lead to a violation of the operating limits set by the manufacturer. With the RG-based controller added at the lower level, the operating limits of the temperature are respected, and better performances of the system are guaranteed. The effectiveness of the proposed bi-level architecture has been proved through a real case study, in which the sudden changes in the temperatures have significantly been reduced by up to 91% with respect to the optimal operational management of the overall microgrid.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 7
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4388918362
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4388918362Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Bi-level Optimization-based Architecture for the Scheduling and Real-Time Control of Microgrids With Hydrogen Production SystemWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Daria Bellotti, Yassine Ennassiri, Giulio Ferro, Loredana Magistri, Michela RobbaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Microgrid, Scheduling (production processes), Stack (abstract data type), Computer science, Control theory (sociology), Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Control engineering, Engineering, Control (management), Operations management, Chemical engineering, Programming language, Fuel cells, Artificial intelligenceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
7Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4388918362 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4388918362 |
| fwci | 0.4977062 |
| type | article |
| title | A Bi-level Optimization-based Architecture for the Scheduling and Real-Time Control of Microgrids With Hydrogen Production System |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 56 |
| biblio.last_page | 8289 |
| biblio.first_page | 8284 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10223 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Microgrid Control and Optimization |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11007 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Energy |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2102 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Energy Engineering and Power Technology |
| topics[1].display_name | Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10603 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9954000115394592 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Smart Grid Energy Management |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2776784348 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8604238033294678 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Microgrid |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C206729178 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6043473482131958 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Scheduling (production processes) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C9395851 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.519679605960846 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Stack (abstract data type) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4659273326396942 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C47446073 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4428607225418091 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Control theory (sociology) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C132319479 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4161801338195801 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C133731056 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.33816081285476685 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Control engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3089974522590637 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2775924081 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2438882291316986 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Control (management) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C21547014 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.09414905309677124 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Operations management |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.08182752132415771 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2987658370 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Fuel cells |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8604238033294678 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Microgrid |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6043473482131958 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Scheduling (production processes) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/stack |
| keywords[2].score | 0.519679605960846 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Stack (abstract data type) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4659273326396942 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4428607225418091 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Control theory (sociology) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4161801338195801 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.33816081285476685 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Control engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3089974522590637 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2438882291316986 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Control (management) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management |
| keywords[9].score | 0.09414905309677124 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Operations management |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering |
| keywords[10].score | 0.08182752132415771 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898405271 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2405-8963, 2405-8971 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2405-8963 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | IFAC-PapersOnLine |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | IFAC-PapersOnLine |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1224426 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4377196291 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | University of Genoa |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1224426 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5013544209 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-9640 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Daria Bellotti |
| authorships[0].countries | IT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Thermochemical Power Group (TPG), DIME, University of Genoa, Via Montallegro 1, 16145, Genoa, Italy |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0107c5v14 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Genoa |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Daria Bellotti |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Thermochemical Power Group (TPG), DIME, University of Genoa, Via Montallegro 1, 16145, Genoa, Italy |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020334595 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-2825 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Yassine Ennassiri |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | DIBRIS—Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, 16145, Italy |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0107c5v14 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Genoa |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yassine Ennassiri |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | DIBRIS—Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, 16145, Italy |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029096627 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-6846 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Giulio Ferro |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | DIBRIS—Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, 16145, Italy |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0107c5v14 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Genoa |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Giulio Ferro |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | DIBRIS—Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, 16145, Italy |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091247002 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Loredana Magistri |
| authorships[3].countries | IT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Thermochemical Power Group (TPG), DIME, University of Genoa, Via Montallegro 1, 16145, Genoa, Italy |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0107c5v14 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Genoa |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Loredana Magistri |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Thermochemical Power Group (TPG), DIME, University of Genoa, Via Montallegro 1, 16145, Genoa, Italy |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039477899 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-9493 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Michela Robba |
| authorships[4].countries | IT |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | DIBRIS—Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, 16145, Italy |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0107c5v14 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Genoa |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Michela Robba |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | DIBRIS—Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, 16145, Italy |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2023-11-23T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Bi-level Optimization-based Architecture for the Scheduling and Real-Time Control of Microgrids With Hydrogen Production System |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10223 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Microgrid Control and Optimization |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2380576232, https://openalex.org/W2369019401, https://openalex.org/W2093424824, https://openalex.org/W3217129854, https://openalex.org/W2083114629, https://openalex.org/W2016212619, https://openalex.org/W4386415288, https://openalex.org/W2013417677, https://openalex.org/W2368719846, https://openalex.org/W1971704801 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898405271 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2405-8963, 2405-8971 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2405-8963 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | IFAC-PapersOnLine |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | IFAC-PapersOnLine |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898405271 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2405-8963, 2405-8971 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2405-8963 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | IFAC-PapersOnLine |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | IFAC-PapersOnLine |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1015 |
| publication_date | 2023-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3159296886, https://openalex.org/W4281768612, https://openalex.org/W4200543929, https://openalex.org/W2288446387, https://openalex.org/W2069048963, https://openalex.org/W2554173252, https://openalex.org/W2941870083 |
| referenced_works_count | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 14, 17, 43, 48, 60, 88, 95, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.At | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 35, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 71, 102, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 145, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 52, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 13, 23, 32, 59, 97, 117, 125, 132, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 54, 81, 94, 159, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.91% | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 10, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 120, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 29, 33, 36, 40, 56, 67, 72, 83, 98, 103, 106, 111, 114, 118, 126, 133, 147, 151, 164, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.With | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 138, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 27, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 16, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PEM) | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RG), | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 41, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.might | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.having | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level, | 42, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limits | 100, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proton | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proved | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sudden | 89, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 12, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imposed | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respect | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stack's | 57, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Governor | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RG-based | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.another, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bi-level | 5, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consists | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 25, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exchange | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexible | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogen | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.membrane | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performs | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposes | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reference | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microgrid | 15, 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operating | 99, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real-time | 11, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.switching | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.violation | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controller | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 31, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microgrid. | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respected, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheduling | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controller, | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guaranteed. | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operational | 30, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature | 58, 85, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.architecture | 6, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrolyzer | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performances | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperatures | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufacturer. | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 154 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5013544209, https://openalex.org/A5029096627, https://openalex.org/A5020334595, https://openalex.org/A5039477899, https://openalex.org/A5091247002 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.6432245 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |