A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Secure Optimal Path-Routing Protocol for Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274
Recently, research into Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks (WBASN) or Wireless Body-Area Networks (WBAN) has gained much importance in medical applications, and now plays a significant role in patient monitoring. Among the various operations, routing is still recognized as a resource-intensive activity. As a result, designing an energy-efficient routing system for WBAN is critical. The existing routing algorithms focus more on energy efficiency than security. However, security attacks will lead to more energy consumption, which will reduce overall network performance. To handle the issues of reliability, energy efficiency, and security in WBAN, a new cluster-based secure routing protocol called the Secure Optimal Path-Routing (SOPR) protocol has been proposed in this paper. This proposed algorithm provides security by identifying and avoiding black-hole attacks on one side, and by sending data packets in encrypted form on the other side to strengthen communication security in WBANs. The main advantages of implementing the proposed protocol include improved overall network performance by increasing the packet-delivery ratio and reducing attack-detection overheads, detection time, energy consumption, and delay.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 39
- References
- 47
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4383878009
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4383878009Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Secure Optimal Path-Routing Protocol for Wireless Body-Area Sensor NetworksWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-07-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
D. Ruby, Manikandan Narayanan, Gayathri Ananthakrishnan, Tamilarasi Kathirvel Murugan, M. K. Nallakaruppan, Siva Rama Krishnan Somayaji, A. Kannan, Surbhi Bhatia, Ahlam AlmusharrafList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Computer network, Computer science, Routing protocol, Zone Routing Protocol, Wireless Routing Protocol, Link-state routing protocol, Dynamic Source Routing, Network packet, Wireless sensor network, Energy consumption, Efficient energy use, Distributed computing, Engineering, Electrical engineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
39Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 17, 2024: 19, 2023: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
47Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4383878009 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514569 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4383878009 |
| fwci | 6.19624394 |
| type | article |
| title | A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Secure Optimal Path-Routing Protocol for Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks |
| biblio.issue | 14 |
| biblio.volume | 23 |
| biblio.last_page | 6274 |
| biblio.first_page | 6274 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11932 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Wireless Body Area Networks |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11498 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[1].display_name | Security in Wireless Sensor Networks |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10080 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7646968960762024 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7192299365997314 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C104954878 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6255651712417603 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Routing protocol |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C189884158 |
| concepts[3].level | 5 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6206159591674805 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Zone Routing Protocol |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C47318570 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5704885721206665 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Wireless Routing Protocol |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C89305328 |
| concepts[5].level | 4 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5630677938461304 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Link-state routing protocol |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C9659607 |
| concepts[6].level | 4 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5532408356666565 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Dynamic Source Routing |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C158379750 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.48158884048461914 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Network packet |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C24590314 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.46169623732566833 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2780165032 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4247041642665863 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Energy consumption |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2742236 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.41977572441101074 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Efficient energy use |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C120314980 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3528245687484741 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Distributed computing |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.18677881360054016 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7646968960762024 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Computer network |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7192299365997314 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6255651712417603 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Routing protocol |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6206159591674805 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Zone Routing Protocol |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5704885721206665 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Wireless Routing Protocol |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5630677938461304 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Link-state routing protocol |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5532408356666565 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Dynamic Source Routing |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet |
| keywords[7].score | 0.48158884048461914 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Network packet |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network |
| keywords[8].score | 0.46169623732566833 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4247041642665863 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Energy consumption |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use |
| keywords[10].score | 0.41977572441101074 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Efficient energy use |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3528245687484741 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Distributed computing |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[12].score | 0.18677881360054016 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/s23146274 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:37514569 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514569 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10385739 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10385739/pdf/sensors-23-06274.pdf |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10385739 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e4b12b7ae4748279e6ccd3b10c26f99 |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 14, p 6274 (2023) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/3e4b12b7ae4748279e6ccd3b10c26f99 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/14/6274/ |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].license | cc-by |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 14; Pages: 6274 |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146274 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030429111 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | D. Ruby |
| authorships[0].countries | IN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Ruby Dass |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077782872 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-4087 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Manikandan Narayanan |
| authorships[1].countries | IN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Manikandan Narayanan |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091574350 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Gayathri Ananthakrishnan |
| authorships[2].countries | IN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Gayathri Ananthakrishnan |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5033563481 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Tamilarasi Kathirvel Murugan |
| authorships[3].countries | IN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, India |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Tamilarasi Kathirvel Murugan |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, India |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051082202 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4548-4240 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | M. K. Nallakaruppan |
| authorships[4].countries | IN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Musiri Kailasanathan Nallakaruppan |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049411988 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-6671 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Siva Rama Krishnan Somayaji |
| authorships[5].countries | IN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Siva Rama Krishnan Somayaji |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017525339 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-395X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | A. Kannan |
| authorships[6].countries | IN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00qzypv28 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Vellore Institute of Technology University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Kannan Arputharaj |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015205527 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-6568 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Surbhi Bhatia |
| authorships[7].countries | GB, LB |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I54459138 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Data Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I56306041 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I54459138 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01tmqtf75 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I54459138 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Salford |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I56306041 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00hqkan37 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I56306041 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | LB |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Lebanese American University |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Surbhi Bhatia Khan |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Data Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076353172 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-547X |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Ahlam Almusharraf |
| authorships[8].countries | SA |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106778892 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106778892 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05b0cyh02 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106778892 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Ahlam Almusharraf |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Secure Optimal Path-Routing Protocol for Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11932 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Wireless Body Area Networks |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1992906332, https://openalex.org/W2578962714, https://openalex.org/W2141886304, https://openalex.org/W2892724521, https://openalex.org/W2096932765, https://openalex.org/W2535895896, https://openalex.org/W2783971594, https://openalex.org/W2376319746, https://openalex.org/W2116840392, https://openalex.org/W2234966513 |
| cited_by_count | 39 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 17 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 19 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/s23146274 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/s23146274 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6274/pdf?version=1689038531 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146274 |
| publication_date | 2023-07-10 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4286587102, https://openalex.org/W2413971634, https://openalex.org/W4315778312, https://openalex.org/W2034901115, https://openalex.org/W4210401352, https://openalex.org/W6847068368, https://openalex.org/W4310034890, https://openalex.org/W4319755992, https://openalex.org/W2994381974, https://openalex.org/W745204915, https://openalex.org/W2795707564, https://openalex.org/W3000638380, https://openalex.org/W4292573448, https://openalex.org/W2970465372, https://openalex.org/W2128959656, https://openalex.org/W2130509337, https://openalex.org/W2568976585, https://openalex.org/W3010501620, https://openalex.org/W2952828940, https://openalex.org/W2962711819, https://openalex.org/W2907172713, https://openalex.org/W4230960122, https://openalex.org/W2915872201, https://openalex.org/W2963732377, https://openalex.org/W2228607910, https://openalex.org/W2975444798, https://openalex.org/W2969421810, https://openalex.org/W2980524635, https://openalex.org/W3007135916, https://openalex.org/W3037548506, https://openalex.org/W3036766649, https://openalex.org/W3015824298, https://openalex.org/W2469880262, https://openalex.org/W2804867869, https://openalex.org/W6763704792, https://openalex.org/W2980329246, https://openalex.org/W4281722825, https://openalex.org/W4285227650, https://openalex.org/W3200411696, https://openalex.org/W3201909053, https://openalex.org/W4280498777, https://openalex.org/W1965648588, https://openalex.org/W2787607455, https://openalex.org/W4229446830, https://openalex.org/W2947319230, https://openalex.org/W4229061967, https://openalex.org/W4309531324 |
| referenced_works_count | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 23, 38, 42, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 115, 125, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 17, 26, 89, 107, 129, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 34, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 83, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 59, 121, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 69, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 53, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 20, 87, 117, 124, 160, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 13, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.now | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 30, 81, 98, 133, 147, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WBAN | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 58, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.much | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.side | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 67, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Among | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WBAN, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.side, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SOPR) | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WBAN) | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Secure | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sensor | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WBANs. | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.called | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delay. | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 60, 71, 85, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gained | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.handle | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.secure | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WBASN) | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Optimal | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attacks | 66, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medical | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 77, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 76, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.packets | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.routing | 33, 47, 55, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sending | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Networks | 6, 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Wireless | 3, 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avoiding | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 106, 111, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 96, 103, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 65, 88, 114, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Body-Area | 4, 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Recently, | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designing | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encrypted | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security. | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantages | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.black-hole | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overheads, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognized | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strengthen | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency, | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifying | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring. | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operations, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Path-Routing | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption, | 72, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementing | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliability, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cluster-based | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communication | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.packet-delivery | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attack-detection | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy-efficient | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource-intensive | 39 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5033563481 |
| countries_distinct_count | 4 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I876193797 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8899999856948853 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.96314974 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |