A Cluster Based Localization Scheme with Partition Handling for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Article Swipe
Many applications of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), such as target tracking, reconnaissance and surveillance, and marine life monitoring require information about the geographic locations of the sensed data. This makes the localization of sensor nodes a crucial part of such underwater sensing missions. In the case of mobile UWSNs, the problem becomes challenging, not only due to a need for the periodic tracking of nodes, but also due to network partitioning as a result of the pseudo-random mobility of nodes. In this work, we propose an energy efficient solution for localizing nodes in partitioned networks. Energy consumption is minimized by clustering unlocalized partitioned nodes and allowing only clusterheads to carry out a major part of the localization procedure on behalf of the whole cluster. Moreover, we introduce a retransmission control scheme that reduces energy consumption by controlling unnecessary transmission. The major design goal of our work is to maximize localization coverage while keeping communication overheads at a minimum, thus achieving better energy efficiency. The major contributions of this paper include a clustering technique for localizing partitioned nodes and a retransmission control strategy that reduces unnecessary transmissions.
Related Topics
Concepts
Retransmission
Energy consumption
Computer science
Cluster analysis
Wireless sensor network
Partition (number theory)
Underwater
Real-time computing
Efficient energy use
Transmission (telecommunications)
Computer network
Cluster (spacecraft)
Scheme (mathematics)
Distributed computing
Engineering
Telecommunications
Artificial intelligence
Geography
Mathematics
Electrical engineering
Mathematical analysis
Archaeology
Combinatorics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 21
- References
- 23
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2916058288
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2916058288Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Cluster Based Localization Scheme with Partition Handling for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor NetworksWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2019Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2019-02-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tariq Islam, Yong Kyu LeeList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Retransmission, Energy consumption, Computer science, Cluster analysis, Wireless sensor network, Partition (number theory), Underwater, Real-time computing, Efficient energy use, Transmission (telecommunications), Computer network, Cluster (spacecraft), Scheme (mathematics), Distributed computing, Engineering, Telecommunications, Artificial intelligence, Geography, Mathematics, Electrical engineering, Mathematical analysis, Archaeology, CombinatoricsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
21Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3, 2024: 2, 2023: 4, 2022: 2, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
23Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2916058288 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039 |
| ids.mag | 2916058288 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30823491 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2916058288 |
| fwci | 2.64673211 |
| type | article |
| title | A Cluster Based Localization Scheme with Partition Handling for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| biblio.issue | 5 |
| biblio.volume | 19 |
| biblio.last_page | 1039 |
| biblio.first_page | 1039 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11192 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10326 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9984999895095825 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10080 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9907000064849854 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C180611318 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9238690137863159 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Retransmission |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780165032 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.745702862739563 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Energy consumption |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6264843940734863 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C73555534 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6246132850646973 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Cluster analysis |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C24590314 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5648447275161743 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C42812 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.560330867767334 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Partition (number theory) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C98083399 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5592622756958008 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Underwater |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C79403827 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5447983145713806 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Real-time computing |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2742236 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.5431025624275208 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Efficient energy use |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C761482 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.47632819414138794 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Transmission (telecommunications) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4438442885875702 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C164866538 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4270821213722229 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Cluster (spacecraft) |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C77618280 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.4233863353729248 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Scheme (mathematics) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C120314980 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.4142112135887146 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Distributed computing |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2596791386604309 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.1204858124256134 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.11057323217391968 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.08825543522834778 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C166957645 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Archaeology |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C114614502 |
| concepts[22].level | 1 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Combinatorics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9238690137863159 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Retransmission |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption |
| keywords[1].score | 0.745702862739563 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Energy consumption |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6264843940734863 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6246132850646973 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Cluster analysis |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5648447275161743 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/partition |
| keywords[5].score | 0.560330867767334 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Partition (number theory) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5592622756958008 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Underwater |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5447983145713806 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Real-time computing |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use |
| keywords[8].score | 0.5431025624275208 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Efficient energy use |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission |
| keywords[9].score | 0.47632819414138794 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Transmission (telecommunications) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4438442885875702 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Computer network |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4270821213722229 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Cluster (spacecraft) |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme |
| keywords[12].score | 0.4233863353729248 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Scheme (mathematics) |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing |
| keywords[13].score | 0.4142112135887146 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Distributed computing |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2596791386604309 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[15].score | 0.1204858124256134 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[16].score | 0.11057323217391968 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[17].score | 0.08825543522834778 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Geography |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/s19051039 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:30823491 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30823491 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:91517951c115406289c8066c47edfa11 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 1039 (2019) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/91517951c115406289c8066c47edfa11 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5445428 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6427275 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/5/1039/ |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].license | cc-by |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051039 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088252180 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Tariq Islam |
| authorships[0].countries | KR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/057q6n778 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Dongguk University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Tariq Islam |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5055364087 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-0809 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Yong Kyu Lee |
| authorships[1].countries | KR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/057q6n778 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Dongguk University |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yong Kyu Lee |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Cluster Based Localization Scheme with Partition Handling for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11192 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1981363742, https://openalex.org/W2394308295, https://openalex.org/W2377549730, https://openalex.org/W2127624627, https://openalex.org/W2063289542, https://openalex.org/W2043286325, https://openalex.org/W1984376450, https://openalex.org/W2063010593, https://openalex.org/W2368175763, https://openalex.org/W1982010423 |
| cited_by_count | 21 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[6].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/s19051039 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/s19051039 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1039/pdf?version=1551872482 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051039 |
| publication_date | 2019-02-28 |
| publication_year | 2019 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1906577849, https://openalex.org/W2157379615, https://openalex.org/W2137752652, https://openalex.org/W2137814624, https://openalex.org/W2047661604, https://openalex.org/W2138665236, https://openalex.org/W2048065343, https://openalex.org/W2119717304, https://openalex.org/W2099052762, https://openalex.org/W2128912656, https://openalex.org/W6665167754, https://openalex.org/W2061920930, https://openalex.org/W2157323191, https://openalex.org/W2118026978, https://openalex.org/W2012021605, https://openalex.org/W3121778874, https://openalex.org/W2129879516, https://openalex.org/W6772960064, https://openalex.org/W1544338478, https://openalex.org/W3002472165, https://openalex.org/W2058483197, https://openalex.org/W2596020394, https://openalex.org/W2974536722 |
| referenced_works_count | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 35, 57, 72, 111, 127, 156, 170, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 43, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 8, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 99, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 97, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 24, 32, 38, 46, 63, 74, 78, 114, 120, 143, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 56, 68, 108, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 83, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 139, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 14, 104, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 55, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 59, 89, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 21, 25, 30, 44, 49, 60, 75, 115, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Many | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goal | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 54, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 37, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 7, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 131, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 81, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carry | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data. | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 112, 140, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.makes | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes | 34, 91, 103, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whole | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Energy | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UWSNs, | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behalf | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 86, 133, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marine | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobile | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensed | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 4, 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.becomes | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 129, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeping | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 132, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.require | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensing | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(UWSNs), | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allowing | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cluster. | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coverage | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximize | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimum, | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobility | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.periodic | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tracking | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduce | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.locations | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimized | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.missions. | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks. | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overheads | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedure | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tracking, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clustering | 100, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geographic | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.localizing | 90, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underwater | 3, 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 96, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlling | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partitioned | 93, 102, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unlocalized | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unnecessary | 137, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenging, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clusterheads | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.localization | 31, 116, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partitioning | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communication | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributions | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pseudo-random | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surveillance, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission. | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconnaissance | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.retransmission | 128, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmissions. | 185 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 93 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5055364087 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205490536 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8999999761581421 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.88091158 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |