A Comparison of Kalman Filter-based Approaches for Elliptic Extended Object Tracking Article Swipe
Kolja Thormann
,
Shishan Yang
,
Marcus Baum
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375
In this work, we discuss and compare Kalman filter-based approaches for tracking an elliptic extended object parameterized with orientation and semi-axes lengths. The methods include an Extended Kalman filter (EKF) implementation of the Random Hypersurface Model (RHM) approach using a radial function, an EKF-based approach for the Multiplicative Error Model (MEM), called MEM-EKF*, and a method for tracking the semi-axes independently, the Independent Axes Estimation (IAE) approach. We discuss pros and cons of the methods and compare them in various scenarios with a maneuvering object.
Related Topics
Concepts
Extended Kalman filter
Kalman filter
Invariant extended Kalman filter
Orientation (vector space)
Computer science
Tracking (education)
Alpha beta filter
Fast Kalman filter
Multiplicative function
Object (grammar)
Parameterized complexity
Hypersurface
Computer vision
Filter (signal processing)
Artificial intelligence
Control theory (sociology)
Algorithm
Mathematics
Moving horizon estimation
Geometry
Control (management)
Mathematical analysis
Psychology
Pedagogy
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 26
- References
- 45
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3085295296
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3085295296Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Comparison of Kalman Filter-based Approaches for Elliptic Extended Object TrackingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-07-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Kolja Thormann, Shishan Yang, Marcus BaumList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/137235Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Extended Kalman filter, Kalman filter, Invariant extended Kalman filter, Orientation (vector space), Computer science, Tracking (education), Alpha beta filter, Fast Kalman filter, Multiplicative function, Object (grammar), Parameterized complexity, Hypersurface, Computer vision, Filter (signal processing), Artificial intelligence, Control theory (sociology), Algorithm, Mathematics, Moving horizon estimation, Geometry, Control (management), Mathematical analysis, Psychology, PedagogyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
26Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 4, 2023: 3, 2022: 8, 2021: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
45Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3085295296 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375 |
| ids.mag | 3085295296 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3085295296 |
| fwci | 2.64347187 |
| type | article |
| title | A Comparison of Kalman Filter-based Approaches for Elliptic Extended Object Tracking |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | 8 |
| biblio.first_page | 1 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10711 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[0].display_name | Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T14339 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9695000052452087 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| topics[1].display_name | Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13854 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9628000259399414 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3305 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Geography, Planning and Development |
| topics[2].display_name | Historical Geography and Cartography |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C206833254 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.863791823387146 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Extended Kalman filter |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C157286648 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7355544567108154 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Kalman filter |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C8639503 |
| concepts[2].level | 4 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6170879602432251 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6059511 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Invariant extended Kalman filter |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C16345878 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6143598556518555 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Orientation (vector space) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5650676488876343 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2775936607 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5439032316207886 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Tracking (education) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C11588082 |
| concepts[6].level | 5 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5293472409248352 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4735154 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Alpha beta filter |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C150679823 |
| concepts[7].level | 4 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5048368573188782 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5436946 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Fast Kalman filter |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C42747912 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.46198898553848267 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Multiplicative function |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2781238097 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4592142105102539 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Object (grammar) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C165464430 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.44957834482192993 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Parameterized complexity |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C114410712 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4483250677585602 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973321 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Hypersurface |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C31972630 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.42825931310653687 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer vision |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C106131492 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.42055729031562805 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Filter (signal processing) |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.34795916080474854 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C47446073 |
| concepts[15].level | 3 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.3265954256057739 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Control theory (sociology) |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.32413825392723083 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.3132810592651367 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C50050547 |
| concepts[18].level | 4 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.20488405227661133 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6927137 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Moving horizon estimation |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C2524010 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.09035742282867432 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Geometry |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C2775924081 |
| concepts[20].level | 2 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Control (management) |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[22].level | 0 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[23].id | https://openalex.org/C19417346 |
| concepts[23].level | 1 |
| concepts[23].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[23].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922 |
| concepts[23].display_name | Pedagogy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter |
| keywords[0].score | 0.863791823387146 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Extended Kalman filter |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7355544567108154 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Kalman filter |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant-extended-kalman-filter |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6170879602432251 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Invariant extended Kalman filter |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6143598556518555 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Orientation (vector space) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5650676488876343 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5439032316207886 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Tracking (education) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-beta-filter |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5293472409248352 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Alpha beta filter |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-kalman-filter |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5048368573188782 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Fast Kalman filter |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function |
| keywords[8].score | 0.46198898553848267 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Multiplicative function |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/object |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4592142105102539 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Object (grammar) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity |
| keywords[10].score | 0.44957834482192993 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Parameterized complexity |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersurface |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4483250677585602 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Hypersurface |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision |
| keywords[12].score | 0.42825931310653687 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Computer vision |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/filter |
| keywords[13].score | 0.42055729031562805 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Filter (signal processing) |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[14].score | 0.34795916080474854 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory |
| keywords[15].score | 0.3265954256057739 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Control theory (sociology) |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[16].score | 0.32413825392723083 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[17].score | 0.3132810592651367 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-horizon-estimation |
| keywords[18].score | 0.20488405227661133 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Moving horizon estimation |
| keywords[19].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry |
| keywords[19].score | 0.09035742282867432 |
| keywords[19].display_name | Geometry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375 |
| locations[0].is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | proceedings-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/137235 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/137235 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5001595551 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-927X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Kolja Thormann |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Computer Science, University of Goettingen, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Göttingen |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Kolja Thormann |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Computer Science, University of Goettingen, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101674032 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5698-4470 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Shishan Yang |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Computer Science, University of Goettingen, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Göttingen |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Shishan Yang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Computer Science, University of Goettingen, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053963755 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-9032 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Marcus Baum |
| authorships[2].countries | DE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Computer Science, University of Goettingen, Germany |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74656192 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Göttingen |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Marcus Baum |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Computer Science, University of Goettingen, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/137235 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Comparison of Kalman Filter-based Approaches for Elliptic Extended Object Tracking |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10711 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| primary_topic.display_name | Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2752451087, https://openalex.org/W2348123856, https://openalex.org/W2145874287, https://openalex.org/W3036780875, https://openalex.org/W2326815100, https://openalex.org/W2055884657, https://openalex.org/W2483158495, https://openalex.org/W2182059946, https://openalex.org/W2631353110, https://openalex.org/W2870890761 |
| cited_by_count | 26 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 7 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/137235 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/137235 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375 |
| primary_location.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190375 |
| publication_date | 2020-07-01 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2708033136, https://openalex.org/W6701353896, https://openalex.org/W6629724053, https://openalex.org/W2891822104, https://openalex.org/W2588070846, https://openalex.org/W6606320040, https://openalex.org/W2123487311, https://openalex.org/W6637759388, https://openalex.org/W2801573735, https://openalex.org/W2989836605, https://openalex.org/W2144598923, https://openalex.org/W1966447678, https://openalex.org/W2588515082, https://openalex.org/W1510884915, https://openalex.org/W2511369105, https://openalex.org/W2058568645, https://openalex.org/W6678239302, https://openalex.org/W2890675736, https://openalex.org/W6725940492, https://openalex.org/W6634824184, https://openalex.org/W2170790908, https://openalex.org/W2007097714, https://openalex.org/W2341459421, https://openalex.org/W2007760421, https://openalex.org/W2078413699, https://openalex.org/W2791344335, https://openalex.org/W2058009001, https://openalex.org/W6682689122, https://openalex.org/W2938349789, https://openalex.org/W2091365726, https://openalex.org/W6648473370, https://openalex.org/W2963962855, https://openalex.org/W1585398504, https://openalex.org/W2511472858, https://openalex.org/W2964064111, https://openalex.org/W3035574168, https://openalex.org/W2155004590, https://openalex.org/W2796275006, https://openalex.org/W1993235647, https://openalex.org/W2122469428, https://openalex.org/W1737669301, https://openalex.org/W3116651466, https://openalex.org/W155286387, https://openalex.org/W2527727850, https://openalex.org/W1494433418 |
| referenced_works_count | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 39, 54, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 12, 25, 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 31, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 5, 19, 53, 70, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 10, 45, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 32, 46, 58, 61, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Axes | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cons | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pros | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 17, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EKF) | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IAE) | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RHM) | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Error | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Model | 35, 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work, | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MEM), | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Kalman | 7, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Random | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.called | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filter | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.object | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radial | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 6, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discuss | 4, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 23, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.object. | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Extended | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 37, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elliptic | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lengths. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tracking | 11, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EKF-based | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MEM-EKF*, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenarios | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.semi-axes | 20, 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Estimation | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Independent | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maneuvering | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orientation | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hypersurface | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filter-based | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameterized | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Multiplicative | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independently, | 60 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.91327878 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |