A Comprehensive Analysis of Security-Based Schemes in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Article Swipe
Khalid Saeed
,
Wajeeha Khalil
,
Ahmad Sami Al‐Shamayleh
,
Sheeraz Ahmed
,
Adnan Akhunzada
,
Salman Ben Zayed
,
Abdullah Gani
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are comprised of sensor nodes that are deployed under the water having limited battery power and other limited resources. Applications of UWSNs include monitoring the quality of the water, mine detection, environment monitoring, military surveillance, disaster prediction, and underwater navigation. UWSNs are more vulnerable to security attacks as compared to their counterparts such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The possible attacks in UWSNs can abrupt the operation of entire network. This research work presents the analysis of relevant research done on security-based schemes in UWSNs. The security-based schemes are categorized into five sub-categories. Each technique in each category is analyzed in detail. The major contribution in each security-based scheme along with technique used, possible future research issues and implementation tool are discussed in detail. The open research issues and future trends identified and presented in this research can be further explored by the research community.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198
- https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 11
- References
- 96
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4367051707
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4367051707Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Comprehensive Analysis of Security-Based Schemes in Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-04-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Khalid Saeed, Wajeeha Khalil, Ahmad Sami Al‐Shamayleh, Sheeraz Ahmed, Adnan Akhunzada, Salman Ben Zayed, Abdullah GaniList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Wireless sensor network, Underwater, Computer science, Open research, Computer security, Computer network, Geography, World Wide Web, ArchaeologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
11Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
96Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4367051707 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4367051707 |
| fwci | 2.99716869 |
| type | article |
| title | A Comprehensive Analysis of Security-Based Schemes in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 7198 |
| biblio.first_page | 7198 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11192 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12697 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9711999893188477 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2312 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Water Science and Technology |
| topics[1].display_name | Water Quality Monitoring Technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11498 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9588000178337097 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Security in Wireless Sensor Networks |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C24590314 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6578857898712158 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C98083399 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6476619839668274 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Underwater |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6235402822494507 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2778464652 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5996167659759521 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Open research |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5605087280273438 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.3305665850639343 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.07971468567848206 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C136764020 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466 |
| concepts[7].display_name | World Wide Web |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C166957645 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Archaeology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6578857898712158 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6476619839668274 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Underwater |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6235402822494507 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5996167659759521 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Open research |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5605087280273438 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer security |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[5].score | 0.3305665850639343 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer network |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[6].score | 0.07971468567848206 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Geography |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/su15097198 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sustainability |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24717234 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400572 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I196829312 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | La Trobe University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I196829312 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Text |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Comprehensive_Analysis_of_Security-Based_Schemes_in_Underwater_Wireless_Sensor_Networks/24717234 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2071-1050/15/9/7198/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sustainability; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 7198 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097198 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5081180125 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-6007 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Khalid Saeed |
| authorships[0].countries | PK |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1308893265 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1308893265 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02zwhz281 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1308893265 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | PK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Khalid Saeed |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014610582 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-6770 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Wajeeha Khalil |
| authorships[1].countries | PK |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1323252656, https://openalex.org/I90610274 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1323252656 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00ngv8j44 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1323252656 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | PK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Information Technology University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I90610274 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00p034093 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I90610274 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | PK |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Wajeeha Khalil |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076799915 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-2433 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ahmad Sami Al‐Shamayleh |
| authorships[2].countries | JO |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I104941359 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Networks and Cybersecurity, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I104941359 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xddhq60 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I104941359 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | JO |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Al-Ahliyya Amman University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ahmad Sami Al-Shamayleh |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Networks and Cybersecurity, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091344093 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-372X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sheeraz Ahmed |
| authorships[3].countries | PK |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I3130537802 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science, Iqra National University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3130537802 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0254sa076 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3130537802 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | PK |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Iqra National University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sheeraz Ahmed |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science, Iqra National University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035884247 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-9290 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Adnan Akhunzada |
| authorships[4].countries | QA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210105992 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Computing & IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210105992 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01gshyb58 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | archive |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210105992 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | QA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Qatar Science and Technology Park |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Adnan Akhunzada |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Computing & IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012396172 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-5020 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Salman Ben Zayed |
| authorships[5].countries | SA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I199693650 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Information System, College of Computers and Information Systems, Al-Lith Campus, Umm AL-Qura University, P.O. Box 7745, AL-Lith 21955, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I199693650 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xjqrm90 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I199693650 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Umm al-Qura University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Salman Z. Alharthi |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Information System, College of Computers and Information Systems, Al-Lith Campus, Umm AL-Qura University, P.O. Box 7745, AL-Lith 21955, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091401182 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-020X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Abdullah Gani |
| authorships[6].countries | MY |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I33849332 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I33849332 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00rzspn62 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I33849332 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Malaya |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Abdullah Gani |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2023-04-27T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Comprehensive Analysis of Security-Based Schemes in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11192 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4388412763, https://openalex.org/W1999583034, https://openalex.org/W3217214504, https://openalex.org/W3168963531, https://openalex.org/W2591930867, https://openalex.org/W2953138830, https://openalex.org/W2773822314, https://openalex.org/W3176162126, https://openalex.org/W2807488787, https://openalex.org/W4362582226 |
| cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/su15097198 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sustainability |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/su15097198 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sustainability |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7198/pdf?version=1682499342 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097198 |
| publication_date | 2023-04-26 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3143234691, https://openalex.org/W3035129302, https://openalex.org/W2019630462, https://openalex.org/W2137814624, https://openalex.org/W2167640605, https://openalex.org/W3087752172, https://openalex.org/W2952654227, https://openalex.org/W6602103106, https://openalex.org/W2131727629, https://openalex.org/W2255766183, https://openalex.org/W1906577849, https://openalex.org/W1604225584, https://openalex.org/W2030855912, https://openalex.org/W4239520217, https://openalex.org/W2001049771, https://openalex.org/W6678389338, https://openalex.org/W2586497843, https://openalex.org/W2169636766, https://openalex.org/W2076663046, https://openalex.org/W2008547462, https://openalex.org/W2073314848, https://openalex.org/W2915199306, https://openalex.org/W1976987228, https://openalex.org/W2564803069, https://openalex.org/W3159599245, https://openalex.org/W2055228629, https://openalex.org/W2085527910, https://openalex.org/W4246134473, https://openalex.org/W2938551487, https://openalex.org/W2157379615, https://openalex.org/W2182118378, https://openalex.org/W2912715704, https://openalex.org/W6748751761, https://openalex.org/W2344578948, https://openalex.org/W3023657883, https://openalex.org/W2308002575, https://openalex.org/W6679879962, https://openalex.org/W2156598119, https://openalex.org/W3119915333, https://openalex.org/W3024115737, https://openalex.org/W4307631098, https://openalex.org/W2030470065, https://openalex.org/W4200453904, https://openalex.org/W158274267, https://openalex.org/W2023304789, https://openalex.org/W2286434098, https://openalex.org/W2761404137, https://openalex.org/W2746669670, https://openalex.org/W2801501681, https://openalex.org/W6766530902, https://openalex.org/W2968512728, https://openalex.org/W2948404671, https://openalex.org/W3153650346, https://openalex.org/W4297026504, https://openalex.org/W2804425550, https://openalex.org/W2907775212, https://openalex.org/W4254346742, https://openalex.org/W2029368383, https://openalex.org/W2169011930, https://openalex.org/W1985512746, https://openalex.org/W2171273926, https://openalex.org/W2014715688, https://openalex.org/W2124650121, https://openalex.org/W2169627643, https://openalex.org/W1908308678, https://openalex.org/W2974768944, https://openalex.org/W2506362697, https://openalex.org/W1532487366, https://openalex.org/W2149472588, https://openalex.org/W2558148873, https://openalex.org/W4285014893, https://openalex.org/W2009678494, https://openalex.org/W1983802150, https://openalex.org/W6638640758, https://openalex.org/W2300766986, https://openalex.org/W18689551, https://openalex.org/W4313313301, https://openalex.org/W4290996480, https://openalex.org/W2624826583, https://openalex.org/W3035580709, https://openalex.org/W2619395208, https://openalex.org/W2022894957, https://openalex.org/W2075287959, https://openalex.org/W1622875311, https://openalex.org/W4320492113, https://openalex.org/W3033632831, https://openalex.org/W1501167349, https://openalex.org/W2596027621, https://openalex.org/W2338192772, https://openalex.org/W1579495532, https://openalex.org/W2958573942, https://openalex.org/W1840251466, https://openalex.org/W52522628, https://openalex.org/W2134965438, https://openalex.org/W2962747256, https://openalex.org/W2791285988 |
| referenced_works_count | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 52, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 66, 88, 100, 105, 110, 127, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 25, 31, 72, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 49, 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 63, 90, 107, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 20, 42, 122, 133, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 5, 11, 46, 93, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 68, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 14, 29, 32, 70, 79, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Each | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.done | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 101, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mine | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UWSNs | 26, 45, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UWSNs. | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abrupt | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entire | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 119, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.having | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues | 121, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 2, 8, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trends | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(UWSNs) | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WSNs). | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attacks | 51, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.battery | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detail. | 106, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 17, 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.schemes | 87, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.category | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deployed | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disaster | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explored | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.military | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks | 3, 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 64, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 76, 83, 120, 131, 141, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wireless | 1, 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprised | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 99, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Underwater | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resources. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underwater | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vulnerable | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categorized | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.navigation. | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prediction, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Applications | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribution | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.counterparts | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surveillance, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security-based | 86, 91, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-categories. | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5012396172 |
| countries_distinct_count | 5 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I199693650 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4000000059604645 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Climate action |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.88643668 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |