A CORE OUTCOME SET (COS) FOR MASCULINIZING GENDER-AFFIRMING SURGERY: THE GENDERCOS PROJECT Article Swipe
Philippine J. Roijer
,
Marleen S. Vallinga
,
Matteo Angelini
,
Thomas E. Pidgeon
,
Tim C. van de Grift
,
Margriet G. Mullender
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf077.267
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf077.267
Objectives Masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery (mgGAS) refers to the array of various surgical techniques that can be offered to transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. However, due to the significant variation in outcome reporting, comparisons of these techniques in terms of safety and effectiveness remain challenging. Currently, it is not clear which outcomes TGD individuals consider most valuable and no consensus exists on which parameters should be measured. The lack of standardized outcome definitions and measurement instruments complicates efforts to synthesize data across studies. The GenderCOS project addresses these issues by identifying key outcomes for mgGAS that should be measured and reported consistently across all clinical trials, improving evidence-based practice and shared decision-making. Methods The development of the mgGAS COS followed a multi-stage protocol (https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2023.2288881) and involved a multidisciplinary steering group of professionals and TGD individuals at all stages. The key phases included: i) a systematic literature review to identify reported outcomes, ii) collection of additional outcomes through focus groups and interviews with TGD individuals, iii) synthesis of clinician-reported and patient-reported outcomes into a preliminary outcome list, iv) a multi-stakeholder Delphi survey where outcomes were rated based on importance by professionals and TGD individuals, and v) a final consensus meeting to determine the core outcomes. The selection of appropriate measurement instruments will be addressed in future phases. Results Initially, 2077 unique outcomes were identified from literature and patient input. After aggregation, this list was reduced to 91 and then narrowed to 38 entries through expert input. These outcomes underwent an e-Delphi survey evaluation and further discussion during a consensus meeting to finalize the COS. A total of 10 core outcomes for mgGAS were established, which include patient-reported and clinical outcomes and adverse events (Table 1). Conclusions The development of a Core Outcome Set for mgGAS marks a significant step towards standardizing outcome measurement in this field. This will enable more reliable comparisons of surgical techniques, improve guideline development, and support informed decision-making for TGD individuals. The definition of appropriate measurement instruments will represent the next critical step in optimizing individualized gender-affirming care. Conflicts of Interest None.
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- Language
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- https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-pdf/22/Supplement_2/qdaf077.267/63137726/qdaf077.267.pdf
- OA Status
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- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf077.267Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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A CORE OUTCOME SET (COS) FOR MASCULINIZING GENDER-AFFIRMING SURGERY: THE GENDERCOS PROJECTWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
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2025Year of publication
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2025-05-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Philippine J. Roijer, Marleen S. Vallinga, Matteo Angelini, Thomas E. Pidgeon, Tim C. van de Grift, Margriet G. MullenderList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf077.267Publisher landing page
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https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-pdf/22/Supplement_2/qdaf077.267/63137726/qdaf077.267.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.all | 104, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 21, 42, 58, 74, 100, 110, 125, 133, 160, 169, 191, 194, 226, 237, 253, 277, 280, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 94, 270, 293, 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ii) | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iv) | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 92, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 9, 28, 117, 202, 262, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2077 | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COS. | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Core | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.core | 203, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iii) | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lack | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.list | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.next | 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.step | 298, 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 15, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 231, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 184, 222, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 211, 307, 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TGD) | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.After | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.None. | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.array | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care. | 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clear | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.final | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.list, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marks | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mgGAS | 95, 118, 271, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rated | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 36, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 51, 63, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Table | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Delphi | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 82, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enable | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.events | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exists | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expert | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field. | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.input. | 228, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phases | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refers | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remain | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shared | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 65, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survey | 181, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mgGAS) | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Outcome | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adverse | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entries | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genital | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meeting | 199, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offered | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcome | 32, 72, 175, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phases. | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.project | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stages. | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgery | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 157, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials, | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interest | 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 105, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consider | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.e-Delphi | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finalize | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informed | 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involved | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.narrowed | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 52, 93, 156, 171, 183, 221, 247, 269, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practice | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 101, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steering | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgical | 13, 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valuable | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conflicts | 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GenderCOS | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addressed | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addresses | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consensus | 60, 198, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guideline | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included: | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured. | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes. | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represent | 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selection | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underwent | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Currently, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Initially, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objectives | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collection | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.definition | 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussion | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interviews | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 146, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimizing | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reporting, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesize | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 14, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriate | 208, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparisons | 34, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complicates | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.definitions | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 115, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifying | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 54, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instruments | 76, 210, 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurement | 75, 209, 302, 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-stage | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preliminary | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 29, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques, | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transgender | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggregation, | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenging. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistently | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development, | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established, | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals, | 164, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals. | 24, 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardized | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Masculinizing | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.professionals | 132, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardizing | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence-based | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gender-diverse | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individualized | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gender-affirming | 4, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient-reported | 170, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-stakeholder | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multidisciplinary | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinician-reported | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2023.2288881) | 124 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.22029766 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |