A Delphi Exploration of Toileting Activity Performance in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Within the ICF‐CY Framework: Unveiling Influential Factors Article Swipe
Azade Riyahi
,
Malahat Akbarfahimi
,
Mehdi Rassafiani
,
Zahra Pournasiri
,
Maryam Ahmadi
,
Afsoon Hassani Mehraban
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9994862
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9994862
Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor and postural developmental disability impacting daily activities like toileting. Despite its importance, toileting has often been undervalued in healthcare. This study is aimed at identifying and assessing the level of influence of various factors affecting toileting in individuals with CP using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF‐CY) framework. Methods: The Delphi method was employed to reach a consensus on factors influencing toileting in individuals with CP. One hundred fifty‐eight professionals from 17 countries, each with at least 3 years’ experience in CP and/or toileting, participated in this two‐round study. Ethical approval (IR.IUMS.REC.1400.1111) and informed consent were obtained. The questionnaire, available in Farsi and English, used a Likert scale (5 = very high impact to 1 = no impact ). Factors with 75% agreement and a mean above 3.75 were included in the final list, while those with 50%–75% agreement or a mean between 2.5 and 3.75 proceeded to the second round. Factors were initially identified through a literature review and research team consultation and categorized according to the ICF‐CY framework using the ICF 10 RULES. Validation and refinement were done through focus groups with caregivers and experienced professionals to ensure alignment with the framework and methodological rigor. Results: The study highlighted significant factors influencing toileting activities in individuals with CP. Within the ICF‐CY framework, “neuromusculoskeletal and movement‐related functions” scored highest at 94.5% in “body functions and structures.” “Toilet environment” scored 90.5% in “environmental factors.” Support and relationship factors scored 82.3%. Attitudes toward “menstruation” ranked highest at 92.9%. Associated deficits with CP ranked top in personal factors at 93.7%. Conclusion: The study identifies key factors influencing toileting activity performance in individuals with CP. “Main caregiver” emerges as a pivotal factor, followed by neuromusculoskeletal functions, personal factors, attitudes toward menstruation, the toilet environment, and support and relationships.
Related Topics
Concepts
Toileting
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Cerebral palsy
Psychology
Delphi method
Physical therapy
Drooling
Focus group
Clinical psychology
Activities of daily living
Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Medicine
Rehabilitation
Psychiatry
Business
Marketing
Surgery
Mathematics
Statistics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9994862
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 112
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4403192266
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4403192266Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9994862Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Delphi Exploration of Toileting Activity Performance in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Within the ICF‐CY Framework: Unveiling Influential FactorsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Azade Riyahi, Malahat Akbarfahimi, Mehdi Rassafiani, Zahra Pournasiri, Maryam Ahmadi, Afsoon Hassani MehrabanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9994862Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9994862Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Toileting, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Cerebral palsy, Psychology, Delphi method, Physical therapy, Drooling, Focus group, Clinical psychology, Activities of daily living, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Medicine, Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Business, Marketing, Surgery, Mathematics, StatisticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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112Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.3.75 | 142, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.done | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 140, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.team | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 110, 143, 167, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 46, 79, 89, 135, 151, 198, 206, 223, 264, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.90.5% | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.94.5% | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Farsi | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Youth | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.above | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.daily | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.final | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.list, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.motor | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.palsy | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reach | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 28, 214, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 48, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.82.3%. | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.92.9%. | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.93.7%. | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Delphi | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Health | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Likert | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RULES. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Within | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and/or | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 127, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranked | 258, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rigor. | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.round. | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scored | 233, 244, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.second | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study. | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toilet | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toward | 256, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Despite | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ethical | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Factors | 134, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Support | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consent | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerges | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor, | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 41, 74, 217, 252, 270, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highest | 234, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hundred | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pivotal | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 170, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“Main | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“body | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cerebral | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Children | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.English, | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ICF‐CY | 183, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approval | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deficits | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors, | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informed | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.personal | 269, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.postural | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years’ | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50%–75% | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Attitudes | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.according | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agreement | 137, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alignment | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessing | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attitudes | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consensus | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 184, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacting | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initially | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proceeded | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toileting | 20, 43, 76, 219, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“Toilet | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ICF‐CY) | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Associated | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Disability | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Validation | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activities | 14, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caregivers | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.countries, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disability | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experience | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework, | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework. | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions, | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifies | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refinement | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toileting, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toileting. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion: | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categorized | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experienced | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors.” | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthcare. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighted | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifying | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 45, 78, 222, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influencing | 75, 218, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two‐round | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undervalued | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Functioning, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caregiver” | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consultation | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment, | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions” | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participated | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationship | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.International | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developmental | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fifty‐eight | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.menstruation, | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.professionals | 84, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Classification | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment” | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodological | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.questionnaire, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationships. | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures.” | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“environmental | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.movement‐related | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“menstruation” | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuromusculoskeletal | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IR.IUMS.REC.1400.1111) | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“neuromusculoskeletal | 229 |
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| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.69723979 |
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| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |