A devastating case of a Balamuthia mandrillaris pediatric brain infection Article Swipe
Kathryn A. Szymanski
,
Michael Kuwabara
,
Neil Friedman
,
Cory M. Pfeifer
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.05.056
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.05.056
Balamuthia mandrillaris is an amoeba that causes an uncommon but deadly encephalitis, referred to as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The highest incidence reported worldwide has occurred in America, and within the United States, it has been highest in the Southwest affecting predominantly children and young men of Hispanic ethnicity. Clinical presentation of GAE includes fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, irritability, stiff neck, hallucinations, photophobia, and seizures. Our patient was a Hispanic male child living in Arizona. The patient presented at 3 years of age for severe encephalitis. Symptoms included difficulty with balance, gait, and sitting up and seizure-like activity. Initial CT showed an area of decreased density consistent with edema in the right frontal and left frontoparietal lobes. Rapid progression was seen on further imaging over the length of the patient's hospital stay revealing diffusion restriction, necrosis/blood products, edema, and hemorrhage. The patient expired three weeks after onset of symptoms and one week after admission to our institution. While there are multiple biochemical techniques that can test for B. mandrillaris, they are rarely employed for multiple reasons stemming from the rare occurrence of this infection. Because of the fatal nature of this infection, we propose (1) testing should be considered if a patient presents with progressing encephalitis on imaging and other pathogenic etiologies are ruled out and (2) the threshold to treat empirically should be low due to the fatal nature of the infection.
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Metadata
- Type
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- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.05.056
- OA Status
- gold
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All OpenAlex metadata
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https://openalex.org/W4399699688Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.05.056Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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A devastating case of a Balamuthia mandrillaris pediatric brain infectionWork title
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articleOpenAlex work type
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enPrimary language
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2024Year of publication
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2024-06-15Full publication date if available
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Kathryn A. Szymanski, Michael Kuwabara, Neil Friedman, Cory M. PfeiferList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.05.056Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.05.056Direct OA link when available
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Medicine, PathologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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1Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.length | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.living | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lobes. | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature | 189, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rarely | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 197, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Because | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Initial | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.States, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amoebic | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expired | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frontal | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highest | 20, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging | 124, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nausea, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 67, 77, 142, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reasons | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sitting | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.testing | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.America, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Arizona. | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Clinical | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hispanic | 47, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Symptoms | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balance, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.children | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hospital | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.includes | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 161, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurred | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.referred | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stemming | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptoms | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncommon | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Southwest | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.admission | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffusion | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.headache, | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incidence | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lethargy, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient's | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.products, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealing | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seizures. | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threshold | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vomiting, | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worldwide | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistent | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficulty | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ethnicity. | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.etiologies | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 184, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurrence | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogenic | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biochemical | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.empirically | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hemorrhage. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progressing | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progression | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encephalitis | 17, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.institution. | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photophobia, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presentation | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.restriction, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seizure-like | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<i>Balamuthia | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encephalitis, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encephalitis. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.granulomatous | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.irritability, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predominantly | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frontoparietal | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necrosis/blood | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hallucinations, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mandrillaris</i> | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mandrillaris,</i> | 169 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.72943605 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |