To reduce energy consumption and balance the resource load of physical machines (PMs) in cloud data centers, we present a game-based consolidation method of virtual machines (VMs) with energy and load (applied load) constraints. First, we test every measured value of the resource load using a t-test to filter outliers. Based on these values, the future resource load is forecast using gray theory. Second, all online PMs are grouped by the number of VMs on them and their future load values. Based on the groupings, a…