A Highly Reversible Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Battery based on α‐MoO3/Ti3C2Tz Anodes and (NH4)xMnO2/CNTs Cathodes Article Swipe
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· 2022
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202200432
· OA: W4311686881
Aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AAIBs) are appealing due to their relatively low cost and good rate performance. In general, AAIBs are environmentally friendlier than their non‐aqueous counterparts. However, it is still a challenge to achieve highly reversible AAIBs with decent voltages and energy/power densities. Herein, we report on a full‐cell configuration using α‐MoO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T z films as anodes, and (NH 4 ) x MnO 2 /CNTs films as cathodes in a 1 M ammonium acetate (NH 4 Ac) electrolyte. At 2 V, the operating cell voltage, OCV, is one of the highest reported for AAIBs. A maximum energy density of ∼32 Wh kg −1 (∼54 Wh L −1 ) at 0.2 A g −1 and a maximum power density of ∼10 kW kg −1 (∼17 kW L −1 ) at 10 A g −1 are attained. When the full cells are cycled 2,000 times at 1 A g −1 they retain ∼73 % of their initial capacity. When cycling at 10 A g −1 , ∼96 % of capacity is retained after 43,500 cycles. After 10 h, self‐discharge reduces the OCV to ∼72 % of its original value. This work provides a roadmap for developing high performance AAIBs with high voltages and high energy/power densities. Before this is possible it is imperative that the self‐discharge rate be substantially reduced.
