<title>Abstract</title> Accurately predicting RNA structures and functions from nucleotide sequences, or conversely, designing sequences to meet structural and functional requirements, remains a fundamental challenge in RNA biology, largely due to limited annotated data and the poor efficiency of \textit{ab initio} modeling approaches. Here, we introduce AIDO.RNA, a large-scale RNA foundation model that leverages self-supervised pre-training to learn general and effective RNA representations, which can be transfer…