A Multi-Component and Multi-Functional Synergistic System for Efficient Viscosity Reduction of Extra-Heavy Oil Article Swipe
Yang Zuguo
,
Yan-Xia Liu
,
Jing Jiang
,
Lijuan Pan
,
Dandi Wei
,
Xingen Feng
,
Long He
,
Jixiang Guo
,
Yagang Zhang
,
Yang Zuguo
,
Yan-Xia Liu
,
Jing Jiang
,
Lijuan Pan
,
Dandi Wei
,
Xingen Feng
,
Long He
,
Jixiang Guo
,
Yagang Zhang
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446
The extra-heavy oil in the Tahe Oilfield of China has extremely high viscosity, as it is rich in the heavy components asphaltene and resin, creating significant difficulties in its exploitation and transportation. Therefore, it is important to effectively reduce the viscosity and improve the fluidity of this extra-heavy oil. The traditional viscosity reduction method suffers from a high blending ratio and a shortage of light crude oil resources for extra-heavy oil blending. In this study, coal tar and washing oil—widely available low-cost by-products of the coal chemical industry—are used for extra-heavy oil blending and viscosity reduction. Washing oil—containing light components distilled from coal tar—was highly effective in reducing the viscosity of extra-heavy oil. When the dilution ratio of washing oil is 0.25, the viscosity of extra-heavy oil is reduced to 1214 mPa·s, and the viscosity reduction rate is 99.8%, indicating that washing oil is an efficient viscosity-reducing agent in extra-heavy oil blending. GC-MS showed that the washing oil contained abundant aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic heterocyclic rings. A multi-component viscosity reduction system using washing oil coupled with toluene, xylene, and surfactant achieved an even better viscosity reduction effect. In conclusion, we designed a low-cost, high-efficiency, multi-component, and multi-functional synergistic system for extra-heavy oil viscosity reduction in the Tahe Oilfield. In the proposed working mechanism, aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic heterocyclic rings in washing oil can intercalate into the layered structure of dense asphaltene aggregates, thereby dispersing and dissociating them.
Related Topics
Concepts
Viscosity
Asphaltene
Chemical engineering
Chemistry
Light crude oil
Dilution
Enhanced oil recovery
Emulsion
Organic chemistry
Dispersant
Coal tar
Coal
Asphalt
Pulmonary surfactant
Viscosity index
Pulp and paper industry
Hydrocarbon
Reduced viscosity
Materials science
Oil sands
Distilled water
Economic shortage
Oil droplet
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Wax
Chromatography
Oil viscosity
Apparent viscosity
Relative viscosity
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446
- https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 27
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W7105897482
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W7105897482Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Multi-Component and Multi-Functional Synergistic System for Efficient Viscosity Reduction of Extra-Heavy OilWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-11-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yang Zuguo, Yan-Xia Liu, Jing Jiang, Lijuan Pan, Dandi Wei, Xingen Feng, Long He, Jixiang Guo, Yagang Zhang, Yang Zuguo, Yan-Xia Liu, Jing Jiang, Lijuan Pan, Dandi Wei, Xingen Feng, Long He, Jixiang Guo, Yagang ZhangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Viscosity, Asphaltene, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Light crude oil, Dilution, Enhanced oil recovery, Emulsion, Organic chemistry, Dispersant, Coal tar, Coal, Asphalt, Pulmonary surfactant, Viscosity index, Pulp and paper industry, Hydrocarbon, Reduced viscosity, Materials science, Oil sands, Distilled water, Economic shortage, Oil droplet, Aromatic hydrocarbon, Wax, Chromatography, Oil viscosity, Apparent viscosity, Relative viscosityTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
27Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W7105897482 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W7105897482 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | A Multi-Component and Multi-Functional Synergistic System for Efficient Viscosity Reduction of Extra-Heavy Oil |
| biblio.issue | 22 |
| biblio.volume | 30 |
| biblio.last_page | 4446 |
| biblio.first_page | 4446 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11630 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Chemistry |
| topics[0].score | 0.847089946269989 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1602 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Analytical Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | Petroleum Processing and Analysis |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10491 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.1274828016757965 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10399 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.005055581219494343 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2211 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Mechanics of Materials |
| topics[2].display_name | Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C127172972 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.779879629611969 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Viscosity |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C65324659 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6974075436592102 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255712 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Asphaltene |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5659075975418091 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5443118214607239 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C28292411 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5397430062294006 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047462 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Light crude oil |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C96618451 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4767889976501465 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3028008 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Dilution |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2779681308 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.42817702889442444 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049254 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Enhanced oil recovery |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2778123984 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4238201081752777 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187634 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Emulsion |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.41829705238342285 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C145889102 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4156777262687683 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902420 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Dispersant |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2779554610 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3979944586753845 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948232 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Coal tar |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C518851703 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3900853395462036 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Coal |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C168056786 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.3863648474216461 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Asphalt |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C58226133 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.38138195872306824 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Pulmonary surfactant |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C162813971 |
| concepts[14].level | 4 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.3785113990306854 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902869 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Viscosity index |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C528095902 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.3643634617328644 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Pulp and paper industry |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C2777207669 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.36261412501335144 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43648 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Hydrocarbon |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C132233512 |
| concepts[17].level | 3 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.35402876138687134 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306344 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Reduced viscosity |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.32789701223373413 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C131779963 |
| concepts[19].level | 3 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.3202926516532898 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297322 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Oil sands |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C2779429693 |
| concepts[20].level | 2 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.31006768345832825 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274959 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Distilled water |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C194051981 |
| concepts[21].level | 3 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.3035094439983368 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Economic shortage |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C7500180 |
| concepts[22].level | 3 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.2971683144569397 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7081396 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Oil droplet |
| concepts[23].id | https://openalex.org/C2777720266 |
| concepts[23].level | 3 |
| concepts[23].score | 0.2872345447540283 |
| concepts[23].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19834818 |
| concepts[23].display_name | Aromatic hydrocarbon |
| concepts[24].id | https://openalex.org/C153033020 |
| concepts[24].level | 2 |
| concepts[24].score | 0.28547459840774536 |
| concepts[24].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124695 |
| concepts[24].display_name | Wax |
| concepts[25].id | https://openalex.org/C43617362 |
| concepts[25].level | 1 |
| concepts[25].score | 0.28182587027549744 |
| concepts[25].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050 |
| concepts[25].display_name | Chromatography |
| concepts[26].id | https://openalex.org/C2993109698 |
| concepts[26].level | 3 |
| concepts[26].score | 0.2638334631919861 |
| concepts[26].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193784 |
| concepts[26].display_name | Oil viscosity |
| concepts[27].id | https://openalex.org/C159727521 |
| concepts[27].level | 3 |
| concepts[27].score | 0.2630641460418701 |
| concepts[27].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4780934 |
| concepts[27].display_name | Apparent viscosity |
| concepts[28].id | https://openalex.org/C169820759 |
| concepts[28].level | 3 |
| concepts[28].score | 0.2503361999988556 |
| concepts[28].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310812 |
| concepts[28].display_name | Relative viscosity |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity |
| keywords[0].score | 0.779879629611969 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Viscosity |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/asphaltene |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6974075436592102 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Asphaltene |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/light-crude-oil |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5397430062294006 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Light crude oil |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4767889976501465 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Dilution |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-oil-recovery |
| keywords[4].score | 0.42817702889442444 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Enhanced oil recovery |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/emulsion |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4238201081752777 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Emulsion |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersant |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4156777262687683 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Dispersant |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-tar |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3979944586753845 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Coal tar |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coal |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3900853395462036 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Coal |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S108911230 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1420-3049, 1433-1373 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1420-3049 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Molecules |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Molecules |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2311614120 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-6032 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Yang Zuguo |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/041qf4r12 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | China University of Petroleum, Beijing |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zuguo Yang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2098275072 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-763X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Yan-Xia Liu |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04qr3zq92 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yanxia Liu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2007802817 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-7779 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jing Jiang |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04qr3zq92 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jing Jiang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2167316975 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-7633 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Lijuan Pan |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Lijuan Pan |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2975423805 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Dandi Wei |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Dandi Wei |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A4384239274 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Xingen Feng |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Xingen Feng |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2099301042 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-5004 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Long He |
| authorships[6].countries | CN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Long He |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2123909128 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-8205 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Jixiang Guo |
| authorships[7].countries | CN |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/041qf4r12 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Petroleum, Beijing |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Jixiang Guo |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2137897346 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-1450 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Yagang Zhang |
| authorships[8].countries | CN |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04qr3zq92 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Yagang Zhang |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2311614120 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-6032 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Yang Zuguo |
| authorships[9].countries | CN |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[9].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/041qf4r12 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Petroleum, Beijing |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | company |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Zuguo Yang |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2098275072 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-763X |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Yan-Xia Liu |
| authorships[10].countries | CN |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04qr3zq92 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Yanxia Liu |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2007802817 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-7779 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Jing Jiang |
| authorships[11].countries | CN |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04qr3zq92 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Jing Jiang |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2167316975 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-7633 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Lijuan Pan |
| authorships[12].countries | CN |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[12].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Lijuan Pan |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2975423805 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Dandi Wei |
| authorships[13].countries | CN |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[13].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Dandi Wei |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A4384239274 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | Xingen Feng |
| authorships[14].countries | CN |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[14].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | Xingen Feng |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2099301042 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-5004 |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | Long He |
| authorships[15].countries | CN |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[15].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[15].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0161q6d74 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106994412 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].display_name | Sinopec (China) |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | Long He |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings | Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China, Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery for Fracture-Cave Oil Reservoir, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2123909128 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-8205 |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | Jixiang Guo |
| authorships[16].countries | CN |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/041qf4r12 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204553293 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Petroleum, Beijing |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | Jixiang Guo |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings | Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2137897346 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-1450 |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | Yagang Zhang |
| authorships[17].countries | CN |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04qr3zq92 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150229711 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
| authorships[17].author_position | last |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | Yagang Zhang |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-11-18T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Multi-Component and Multi-Functional Synergistic System for Efficient Viscosity Reduction of Extra-Heavy Oil |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-19T23:35:23.961156 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11630 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Chemistry |
| primary_topic.score | 0.847089946269989 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1602 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Analytical Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | Petroleum Processing and Analysis |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S108911230 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1420-3049, 1433-1373 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1420-3049 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Molecules |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Molecules |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S108911230 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1420-3049, 1433-1373 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1420-3049 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Molecules |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/22/4446/pdf?version=1763474375 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Molecules |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224446 |
| publication_date | 2025-11-18 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4363648162, https://openalex.org/W2946359560, https://openalex.org/W2066431579, https://openalex.org/W2516073015, https://openalex.org/W4393294867, https://openalex.org/W2734587673, https://openalex.org/W4220990351, https://openalex.org/W4396765087, https://openalex.org/W4396231660, https://openalex.org/W2801577269, https://openalex.org/W2055487347, https://openalex.org/W4327546755, https://openalex.org/W4293100873, https://openalex.org/W2517240191, https://openalex.org/W4394577777, https://openalex.org/W2801139019, https://openalex.org/W4200585517, https://openalex.org/W4386064891, https://openalex.org/W4321341144, https://openalex.org/W3128103121, https://openalex.org/W2765434177, https://openalex.org/W3131236704, https://openalex.org/W2895898304, https://openalex.org/W4319304324, https://openalex.org/W2567633108, https://openalex.org/W2005756457, https://openalex.org/W2035531622 |
| referenced_works_count | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 56, 61, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 72, 187, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 144, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 3, 17, 27, 106, 148, 204, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 15, 34, 120, 127, 137, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 14, 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 45, 63, 83, 110, 117, 124, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 36, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 30, 41, 60, 77, 93, 132, 162, 178, 195, 215, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 68, 89, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil | 2, 66, 70, 91, 119, 126, 142, 150, 157, 173, 201, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tar | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 18, 39, 43, 84, 108, 114, 122, 133, 155, 205, 209, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1214 | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Tahe | 5, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coal | 75, 85, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.even | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 55, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 11, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil. | 48, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rich | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 140, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 46, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.25, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GC-MS | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agent | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crude | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dense | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heavy | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 64, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 59, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rings | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them. | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.99.8%, | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resin, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rings. | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 170, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Washing | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupled | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layered | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mPa·s, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suffers | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.washing | 78, 118, 141, 156, 172, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.working | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.xylene, | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Oilfield | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abundant | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aromatic | 160, 163, 213, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blending | 58, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creating | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dilution | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluidity | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-cost | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shortage | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toluene, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Oilfield. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blending. | 71, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contained | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distilled | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extremely | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-cost, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 52, 135, 169, 185, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resources | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tar—was | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viscosity | 40, 51, 94, 109, 123, 134, 168, 184, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.asphaltene | 21, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 20, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dispersing | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicating | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction. | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfactant | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viscosity, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggregates, | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by-products | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conclusion, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extra-heavy | 1, 47, 69, 90, 111, 125, 149, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intercalate | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synergistic | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficulties | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissociating | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploitation | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterocyclic | 164, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrocarbons | 161, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil—widely | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry—are | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-component | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transportation. | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-efficiency, | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-component, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-functional | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil—containing | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viscosity-reducing | 146 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 18 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.73838045 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |