A Multi-index Remote Sensing Approach to Track Water Shifts in Handero Lake Article Swipe

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Muhammad Arif Ali , Shahnaz Bhutto , M. A. Hannan , Jia Xu ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1407

Freshwater Wetlands are essential ecosystems but remain highly vulnerable to climate variability and human pressures. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in the water of Handero Lake from 2001 to 2024, using Landsat satellite imagery and three water indices: the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and the Automated Water Extraction Index-Shadow (AWEIsh). A standardized workflow that includes cloud masking, thresholding, and multi-temporal compositing was used to analyze lake water dynamics. The lake’s core remained hydrologically stable, with water extent ranging from 13.8 to 17.4 km². NDWI identified the most significant areas, although it often overestimates the extent of these areas. MNDWI provided more accurate results in semi-arid regions, while AWEIsh offered the most conservative and reliable estimates in complex terrains. This approach highlights the importance of multi-index analysis and cloud platforms in ensuring effective, long-term wetland monitoring and water management in regions sensitive to climate change.

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Type: article
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1407
PDF: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1407
OA Status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4415853367

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1407

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Title: A Multi-index Remote Sensing Approach to Track Water Shifts in Handero Lake

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-01-01

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Authors: Muhammad Arif Ali, Shahnaz Bhutto, M. A. Hannan, Jia Xu

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1407

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PDF URL: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1407

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