A Multimixed Strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Its Application in TSP Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164
Aiming at the shortcomings of the sparrow search algorithm (SSA), such as falling into local optimum and slow convergence speed, an improved sparrow search algorithm based on multimixed strategy (MISSA) is proposed in this paper. In the initial stage, the iterative chaotic mapping is used to initialize the population in order to improve the diversity of population. In the foraging stage, the golden sine algorithm and nonlinear convergence factor strategy are introduced to optimize the discoverer-follower model, which make search process more comprehensive and extensive for the discoverer. The elite opposition-based learning strategy is used to update the optimal solution and the population obtained in each iteration to improve the self-learning ability of the algorithm. To verify the rationality of the multimixed strategy selection and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, MISSA is compared with three derived single-strategy improved algorithms, other improved SSAs, and five typical swarm intelligence algorithms using ten basic benchmark functions and CEC 2014 function. The optimization results, diversity analysis, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test results certify that the proposed MISSA has better optimization accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness than other compared methods. Moreover, the practicability and feasibility of MISSA are verified by solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP).
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164
- https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdf
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 47
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4280652843
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4280652843Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Multimixed Strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Its Application in TSPWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-05-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Weizheng Li, Mengjian Zhang, Jing Zhang, Tao Qin, Wei Wei, Jing YangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Mathematical optimization, Population, Algorithm, Benchmark (surveying), Computer science, Mathematics, Demography, Geography, Geodesy, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 2, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
47Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4280652843 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4280652843 |
| fwci | 0.9789941 |
| type | article |
| title | A Multimixed Strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Its Application in TSP |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G3445852954 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | KCALK201708 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G850034504 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 61640014 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G8701578743 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | Qianjiaohe KY[2021]012 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[3].id | https://openalex.org/G7227287931 |
| awards[3].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[3].display_name | |
| awards[3].funder_award_id | [2019]2152 |
| awards[3].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[4].id | https://openalex.org/G6462364052 |
| awards[4].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[4].display_name | |
| awards[4].funder_award_id | Qiankehe Zhicheng [2022]017 |
| awards[4].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[5].id | https://openalex.org/G1700877348 |
| awards[5].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[5].display_name | |
| awards[5].funder_award_id | Qiankehe [2020]1Y266 |
| awards[5].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[6].id | https://openalex.org/G3188150309 |
| awards[6].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[6].display_name | |
| awards[6].funder_award_id | 2015 |
| awards[6].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 2022 |
| biblio.last_page | 26 |
| biblio.first_page | 1 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10100 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[0].display_name | Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13717 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9757000207901001 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Advanced Algorithms and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10249 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9361000061035156 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2400 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2400 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C126255220 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6407862305641174 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2908647359 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5439602732658386 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Population |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5299419164657593 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C185798385 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.49938082695007324 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Benchmark (surveying) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.493472695350647 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.3745313286781311 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C149923435 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Demography |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C13280743 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Geodesy |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C144024400 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Sociology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6407862305641174 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/population |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5439602732658386 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Population |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5299419164657593 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark |
| keywords[3].score | 0.49938082695007324 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Benchmark (surveying) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.493472695350647 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.3745313286781311 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Mathematics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S178238111 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1024-123X, 1026-7077, 1563-5147 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1024-123X |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088679769 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-6356 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Weizheng Li |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02wmsc916 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Guizhou University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Weizheng Li |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071996087 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-9972 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mengjian Zhang |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I90610280 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I90610280 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0530pts50 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I90610280 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | South China University of Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Mengjian Zhang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100757101 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-7432 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jing Zhang |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02wmsc916 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Guizhou University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jing Zhang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112396665 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-9353 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Tao Qin |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02wmsc916 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Guizhou University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Tao Qin |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100323672 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0655-056X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Wei Wei |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210120238, https://openalex.org/I4210145500 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Power China Guizhou Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145500 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/055f13495 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145500 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210120238 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01varr368 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | company |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210120238 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | PowerChina (China) |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Wei Wei |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Power China Guizhou Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100704230 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-1276 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Jing Yang |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02wmsc916 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Guizhou University |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Jing Yang |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Multimixed Strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Its Application in TSP |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10100 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| primary_topic.display_name | Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2378211422, https://openalex.org/W1979597421, https://openalex.org/W2745001401, https://openalex.org/W2007980826, https://openalex.org/W4321353415, https://openalex.org/W4245490552, https://openalex.org/W2130974462, https://openalex.org/W972276598, https://openalex.org/W4225152035, https://openalex.org/W4246352526 |
| cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S178238111 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1024-123X, 1026-7077, 1563-5147 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1024-123X |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S178238111 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1024-123X, 1026-7077, 1563-5147 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1024-123X |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/8171164.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8171164 |
| publication_date | 2022-05-18 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3135513159, https://openalex.org/W1929236209, https://openalex.org/W3021185476, https://openalex.org/W4250503569, https://openalex.org/W2080195234, https://openalex.org/W2102537615, https://openalex.org/W2056811412, https://openalex.org/W3154719286, https://openalex.org/W1999284878, https://openalex.org/W2033011996, https://openalex.org/W3134651880, https://openalex.org/W2152195021, https://openalex.org/W2171211995, https://openalex.org/W2290883490, https://openalex.org/W2061438946, https://openalex.org/W3168104563, https://openalex.org/W2972872998, https://openalex.org/W2919979744, https://openalex.org/W3014974411, https://openalex.org/W3169902780, https://openalex.org/W2408951021, https://openalex.org/W2047080695, https://openalex.org/W2055338094, https://openalex.org/W2998553334, https://openalex.org/W3147892021, https://openalex.org/W3127249050, https://openalex.org/W3197296602, https://openalex.org/W3120347962, https://openalex.org/W3134034025, https://openalex.org/W3211544439, https://openalex.org/W3196655451, https://openalex.org/W3192482553, https://openalex.org/W3128049501, https://openalex.org/W4200598342, https://openalex.org/W2773995416, https://openalex.org/W2519501408, https://openalex.org/W2620983293, https://openalex.org/W2162745921, https://openalex.org/W2898785807, https://openalex.org/W3039665270, https://openalex.org/W2810255841, https://openalex.org/W95170009, https://openalex.org/W2770697153, https://openalex.org/W2182761707, https://openalex.org/W3129736740, https://openalex.org/W2163428398, https://openalex.org/W3130706049 |
| referenced_works_count | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 35, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 32, 49, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 30, 43, 93, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 4, 55, 112, 119, 126, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 45, 51, 72, 95, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CEC | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 88, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 65, 83, 100, 124, 142, 153, 162, 178, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 70, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ten | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 2, 5, 36, 39, 47, 53, 58, 61, 74, 86, 97, 101, 109, 113, 117, 120, 127, 169, 185, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2014 | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sine | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slow | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 44, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MISSA | 130, 171, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SSAs, | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basic | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elite | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.local | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 139, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swarm | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SSA), | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TSP). | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Aiming | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.golden | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 7, 23, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed, | 19, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stage, | 38, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.update | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verify | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MISSA) | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.certify | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chaotic | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derived | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.falling | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 52, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initial | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mapping | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimum | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solving | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sparrow | 6, 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.typical | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Wilcoxon | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 132, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foraging | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 21, 137, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimize | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 31, 128, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rank-sum | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salesman | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 28, 69, 92, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy, | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 8, 24, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benchmark | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diversity | 54, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function. | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iteration | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iterative | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nonlinear | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selection | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traveling | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verified | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm, | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm. | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initialize | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduced | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multimixed | 27, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 48, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.robustness | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms, | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.convergence | 18, 67, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discoverer. | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feasibility | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population. | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rationality | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligence | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 158, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shortcomings | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-learning | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practicability | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single-strategy | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opposition-based | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discoverer-follower | 75 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5100704230 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178232147 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.74898654 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |