A new method for determining geoid gradient components from SWOT wide-swath data for marine gravity field Article Swipe
Daocheng Yu
,
Xiaoli Deng
,
Ole Andersen
,
Huizhong Zhu
,
Jia Luo
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) altimeter mission provides a significant opportunity to improve the accuracy of geoid gradients (GGs) and marine gravity fields. This paper presents a new method, namely LSA3, to determine the north and east ( $$\xi $$ and $$\eta $$ ) components of GGs from simulated and real SWOT data in the northern South China Sea. To fully use SWOT’s fine-scale sea surface height (SSH) measurements, LSA3 first determines GGs in SWOT along-, cross- and oblique-track directions and constructs a grid for each gradient. Least-squares adjustment (LSA), accounting for correlations of the GGs in three directions, is then employed to point-wisely estimate $$\xi $$ and $$\eta $$ components at grid points. The accuracy of estimated $$\xi $$ and $$\eta $$ components is assessed using those computed by numerical differentiations. For comparison, GG components are also estimated using least-squares collocation (LSC) and weighted LSA (WLSA) methods with empirically determined data window sizes and without accounting for correlations. Simulated results show that LSA3-estimated GG components achieve the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values of 0.43 and 0.47 microrad for $$\xi $$ and $$\eta $$ , respectively, outperforming LSC (0.82 and 0.86 microrad) and WLSA (0.49 and 0.54 microrad). The results from the real SWOT data indicate that LSA3 is comparable to LSC with a mean RMSD of 1.88 mgal for marine gravity anomalies when compared to shipborne gravity data, but LSA3 is more computationally efficient than LSC. Compared to the Sandwell V32.1 gravity field, SWOT improves gravity accuracy by an average of 12.0%, with a maximum improvement of 44.3% for a single ship trajectory.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w
- https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdf
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 46
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409379164
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409379164Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-wDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A new method for determining geoid gradient components from SWOT wide-swath data for marine gravity fieldWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Daocheng Yu, Xiaoli Deng, Ole Andersen, Huizhong Zhu, Jia LuoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-wPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Geoid, Geodesy, Geology, Gravitational field, Gravity anomaly, Field (mathematics), SWOT analysis, Computer science, Geophysics, Remote sensing, Mathematics, Oil field, Paleontology, Physics, Classical mechanics, Measured depth, Marketing, Business, Pure mathematicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
46Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409379164 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409379164 |
| fwci | 18.76037273 |
| type | article |
| title | A new method for determining geoid gradient components from SWOT wide-swath data for marine gravity field |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G3804111321 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 42030109 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G1505214752 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334704 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | DP220102969 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Australian Research Council |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 99 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11405 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1910 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Oceanography |
| topics[0].display_name | Geophysics and Gravity Measurements |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10995 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9957000017166138 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2304 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Environmental Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13177 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9929999709129333 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1907 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Geology |
| topics[2].display_name | Geological and Geophysical Studies |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320320295 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01kj2bm70 |
| funders[0].display_name | Newcastle University |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[1].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334704 |
| funders[2].ror | https://ror.org/05mmh0f86 |
| funders[2].display_name | Australian Research Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2590 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3390 |
| apc_paid.value | 2590 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3390 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C80989030 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9545350074768066 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185969 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Geoid |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C13280743 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7373244166374207 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Geodesy |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.668285608291626 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C14257148 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6326860189437866 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Gravitational field |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C96342900 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5176825523376465 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413914 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Gravity anomaly |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C9652623 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4748378396034241 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Field (mathematics) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C119059837 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.45139452815055847 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175096 |
| concepts[6].display_name | SWOT analysis |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3692457973957062 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C8058405 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3557029962539673 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Geophysics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C62649853 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.33926922082901 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Remote sensing |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.17058485746383667 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C2776364302 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.13470005989074707 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1845437 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Oil field |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C151730666 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1068008542060852 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Paleontology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.08791691064834595 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C74650414 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.058769047260284424 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C113346285 |
| concepts[15].level | 2 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.05738002061843872 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804193 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Measured depth |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C162853370 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Marketing |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Business |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C202444582 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Pure mathematics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geoid |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9545350074768066 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Geoid |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7373244166374207 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Geodesy |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.668285608291626 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-field |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6326860189437866 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Gravitational field |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-anomaly |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5176825523376465 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Gravity anomaly |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/field |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4748378396034241 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Field (mathematics) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/swot-analysis |
| keywords[6].score | 0.45139452815055847 |
| keywords[6].display_name | SWOT analysis |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3692457973957062 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3557029962539673 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Geophysics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing |
| keywords[9].score | 0.33926922082901 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Remote sensing |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.17058485746383667 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-field |
| keywords[11].score | 0.13470005989074707 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Oil field |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1068008542060852 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Paleontology |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[13].score | 0.08791691064834595 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.058769047260284424 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/measured-depth |
| keywords[15].score | 0.05738002061843872 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Measured depth |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210204015 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0949-7714, 1432-1394 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0949-7714 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Geodesy |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Geodesy |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025182471 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-9105 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Daocheng Yu |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Daocheng Yu |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5054988629 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9595-8032 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Xiaoli Deng |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Xiaoli Deng |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5064774963 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-3415 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ole Andersen |
| authorships[2].countries | DK |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I96673099 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Technical University of Denmark, Department of Space Research and Technology, DK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I96673099 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04qtj9h94 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I96673099 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Technical University of Denmark |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ole Baltazar Andersen |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Technical University of Denmark, Department of Space Research and Technology, DK |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040955565 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-6536 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Huizhong Zhu |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Huizhong Zhu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082898855 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-3317 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Jia Luo |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Jia Luo |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A new method for determining geoid gradient components from SWOT wide-swath data for marine gravity field |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11405 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1910 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Oceanography |
| primary_topic.display_name | Geophysics and Gravity Measurements |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2946312213, https://openalex.org/W2367139199, https://openalex.org/W2144098742, https://openalex.org/W30690302, https://openalex.org/W2561301170, https://openalex.org/W3154958278, https://openalex.org/W2626056102, https://openalex.org/W287353058, https://openalex.org/W2074031761, https://openalex.org/W1999820083 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210204015 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0949-7714, 1432-1394 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0949-7714 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Geodesy |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Geodesy |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210204015 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0949-7714, 1432-1394 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0949-7714 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Geodesy |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Geodesy |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01950-w |
| publication_date | 2025-04-01 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6944964986, https://openalex.org/W6963632857, https://openalex.org/W4313433226, https://openalex.org/W2142734708, https://openalex.org/W4381435867, https://openalex.org/W2914239138, https://openalex.org/W1986837469, https://openalex.org/W3013097713, https://openalex.org/W2754002362, https://openalex.org/W4391999527, https://openalex.org/W2177103651, https://openalex.org/W3007437572, https://openalex.org/W2796869708, https://openalex.org/W2117885826, https://openalex.org/W2256422916, https://openalex.org/W3028586297, https://openalex.org/W2098089582, https://openalex.org/W2124430406, https://openalex.org/W2069352351, https://openalex.org/W2162880191, https://openalex.org/W4224284947, https://openalex.org/W2808530105, https://openalex.org/W2167663762, https://openalex.org/W1982219165, https://openalex.org/W2900973784, https://openalex.org/W2946292188, https://openalex.org/W3118731688, https://openalex.org/W2018506778, https://openalex.org/W2053987409, https://openalex.org/W2905205665, https://openalex.org/W2117037375, https://openalex.org/W2118708404, https://openalex.org/W2123786602, https://openalex.org/W2974741142, https://openalex.org/W1996223163, https://openalex.org/W2260770580, https://openalex.org/W2911117993, https://openalex.org/W2921175267, https://openalex.org/W2779379967, https://openalex.org/W4293485824, https://openalex.org/W3193882695, https://openalex.org/W4388003045, https://openalex.org/W2567005607, https://openalex.org/W3021063962, https://openalex.org/W631795588, https://openalex.org/W2149846618 |
| referenced_works_count | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.( | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.) | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index., | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 11, 29, 93, 247, 288, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$ | 42, 49, 117, 124, 138, 145, 206, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GG | 161, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 156, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 64, 84, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 110, 151, 242, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 18, 56, 104, 135, 199, 250, 285, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 14, 34, 113, 244, 259, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GGs | 57, 83, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSA | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSC | 221, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1, 133, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 4, 22, 38, 47, 60, 88, 91, 122, 143, 170, 181, 201, 211, 223, 226, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 95, 102, 184, 204, 253, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sea | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 16, 36, 65, 105, 194, 235, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.43 | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.47 | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.54 | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.86 | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.88 | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSA3 | 80, 241, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSC. | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RMSD | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SWOT | 62, 85, 237, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sea. | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WLSA | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 63, 178, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.east | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 58, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grid | 94, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mgal | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real | 61, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ship | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 189, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 175, 246, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$\xi | 41, 116, 137, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(0.49 | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(0.82 | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GGs) | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LSC) | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SSH) | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.44.3% | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSA3, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ocean | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.South | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.V32.1 | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Water | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data, | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fully | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geoid | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.north | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sizes | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 153, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$\eta | 48, 123, 144, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LSA), | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RMSD) | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SWOT) | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WLSA) | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12.0%, | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross- | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field, | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.height | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marine | 23, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.namely | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Surface | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along-, | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fields. | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gravity | 24, 255, 261, 276, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mission | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.points. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 187, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Compared | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SWOT’s | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sandwell | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 17, 134, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computed | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimate | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microrad | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.northern | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weighted | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:math | 43, 50, 118, 125, 139, 146, 207, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Simulated | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.altimeter | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anomalies | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deviation | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimated | 136, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradient. | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradients | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microrad) | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerical | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shipborne | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Topography | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accounting | 101, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjustment | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparable | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 55, 129, 150, 162, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constructs | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determines | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directions | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fine-scale | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microrad). | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.</mml:math> | 46, 53, 121, 128, 142, 149, 210, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collocation | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directions, | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.empirically | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opportunity | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trajectory. | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlations | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point-wisely | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Least-squares | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlations. | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least-squares | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements, | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oblique-track | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outperforming | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively, | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSA3-estimated | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computationally | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.root-mean-square | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differentiations. | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:mi>η</mml:mi> | 52, 127, 148, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> | 45, 120, 141, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | 44, 51, 119, 126, 140, 147, 208, 215 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5054988629 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.94853112 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |