A Novel Method for Spectral Similarity Measure by Fusing Shape and Amplitude Features Article Swipe

PDF

Jianli Ding , Xuejian Li , Linpeng Huang ·

YOU? · · 2015 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22

Spectral similarity measure is the basis of spectral information extraction. The description of spectral features is the key \nto spectral similarity measure. To express the spectral shape and amplitude features reasonably, this paper presents the \ndefinition of shape and amplitude feature vector, constructs the shape feature distance vector and amplitude feature \ndistance vector, proposes the spectral similarity measure by fusing shape and amplitude features (SAF), and discloses the \nrelationship of fusing SAF with Euclidean distance and spectral information divergence. Different measures were tested \non the basis of United States Geological Survey (USGS) mineral_beckman_430. Generally, measures by integrating SAF \nachieve the highest accuracy, followed by measures based on shape features and measures based on amplitude features. \nIn measures by integrating SAF, fusing SAF shows the highest accuracy. Fusing SAF expresses the measured results with \nthe inner product of shape and amplitude feature distance vectors, which integrate spectral shape and amplitude features \nwell. Fusing SAF is superior to other similarity measures that integrate SAF, such as spectral similarity scale, spectral \npan-similarity measure, and normalized spectral similarity score(NS3 \n).

Related Topics

Mathematics

Artificial Intelligence

Feature (Machine Learning)

Concepts

Similarity (geometry) Similarity measure Measure (data warehouse) Pattern recognition (psychology) Amplitude Spectral shape analysis Euclidean distance Mathematics Feature (linguistics) Artificial intelligence Divergence (linguistics) Basis (linear algebra) Feature vector Feature extraction Computer science Spectral line Data mining Geometry Physics Optics Linguistics Philosophy Image (mathematics) Astronomy

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
PDF: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
OA Status: diamond
Cited By: 15
References: 20
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W2561754869

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W2561754869

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22

Digital Object Identifier
Title: A Novel Method for Spectral Similarity Measure by Fusing Shape and Amplitude Features

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2015

Year of publication
Publication date: 2015-10-01

Full publication date if available
Authors: Jianli Ding, Xuejian Li, Linpeng Huang

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: diamond

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Similarity (geometry), Similarity measure, Measure (data warehouse), Pattern recognition (psychology), Amplitude, Spectral shape analysis, Euclidean distance, Mathematics, Feature (linguistics), Artificial intelligence, Divergence (linguistics), Basis (linear algebra), Feature vector, Feature extraction, Computer science, Spectral line, Data mining, Geometry, Physics, Optics, Linguistics, Philosophy, Image (mathematics), Astronomy

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 15

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 3, 2023: 1, 2021: 4, 2020: 4, 2019: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 20

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W2561754869
doi	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
ids.mag	2561754869
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W2561754869
fwci	0.62860183
type	article
title	A Novel Method for Spectral Similarity Measure by Fusing Shape and Amplitude Features
biblio.issue	5
biblio.volume	8
biblio.last_page	179
biblio.first_page	172
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T12157
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[0].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[0].score	0.9998000264167786
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[0].display_name	Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10689
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[1].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[1].score	0.9976000189781189
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2214
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Media Technology
topics[1].display_name	Remote-Sensing Image Classification
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10770
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/23
topics[2].field.display_name	Environmental Science
topics[2].score	0.979200005531311
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2305
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Environmental Engineering
topics[2].display_name	Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C103278499
concepts[0].level	3
concepts[0].score	0.7590438723564148
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465
concepts[0].display_name	Similarity (geometry)
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2776517306
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.7470222115516663
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317
concepts[1].display_name	Similarity measure
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C2780009758
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.6797016859054565
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172
concepts[2].display_name	Measure (data warehouse)
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C153180895
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.6525802612304688
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389
concepts[3].display_name	Pattern recognition (psychology)
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C180205008
concepts[4].level	2
concepts[4].score	0.6216970086097717
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190
concepts[4].display_name	Amplitude
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C152822103
concepts[5].level	3
concepts[5].score	0.6207808256149292
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575207
concepts[5].display_name	Spectral shape analysis
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C120174047
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.6074530482292175
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073
concepts[6].display_name	Euclidean distance
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[7].level	0
concepts[7].score	0.5926467776298523
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[7].display_name	Mathematics
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C2776401178
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.588445782661438
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496
concepts[8].display_name	Feature (linguistics)
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.5646879076957703
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[9].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C207390915
concepts[10].level	2
concepts[10].score	0.514956533908844
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525
concepts[10].display_name	Divergence (linguistics)
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C12426560
concepts[11].level	2
concepts[11].score	0.4589674472808838
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569
concepts[11].display_name	Basis (linear algebra)
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C83665646
concepts[12].level	2
concepts[12].score	0.4547441005706787
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305
concepts[12].display_name	Feature vector
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C52622490
concepts[13].level	2
concepts[13].score	0.4178638458251953
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626
concepts[13].display_name	Feature extraction
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[14].level	0
concepts[14].score	0.34105443954467773
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[14].display_name	Computer science
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C4839761
concepts[15].level	2
concepts[15].score	0.20652467012405396
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111
concepts[15].display_name	Spectral line
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C124101348
concepts[16].level	1
concepts[16].score	0.1996178925037384
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491
concepts[16].display_name	Data mining
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C2524010
concepts[17].level	1
concepts[17].score	0.13174551725387573
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087
concepts[17].display_name	Geometry
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[18].level	0
concepts[18].score	0.1145206093788147
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[18].display_name	Physics
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C120665830
concepts[19].level	1
concepts[19].score	0.08729729056358337
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620
concepts[19].display_name	Optics
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C41895202
concepts[20].level	1
concepts[20].score	0.0
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162
concepts[20].display_name	Linguistics
concepts[21].id	https://openalex.org/C138885662
concepts[21].level	0
concepts[21].score	0.0
concepts[21].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891
concepts[21].display_name	Philosophy
concepts[22].id	https://openalex.org/C115961682
concepts[22].level	2
concepts[22].score	0.0
concepts[22].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623
concepts[22].display_name	Image (mathematics)
concepts[23].id	https://openalex.org/C1276947
concepts[23].level	1
concepts[23].score	0.0
concepts[23].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333
concepts[23].display_name	Astronomy
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity
keywords[0].score	0.7590438723564148
keywords[0].display_name	Similarity (geometry)
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure
keywords[1].score	0.7470222115516663
keywords[1].display_name	Similarity measure
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/measure
keywords[2].score	0.6797016859054565
keywords[2].display_name	Measure (data warehouse)
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition
keywords[3].score	0.6525802612304688
keywords[3].display_name	Pattern recognition (psychology)
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude
keywords[4].score	0.6216970086097717
keywords[4].display_name	Amplitude
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-shape-analysis
keywords[5].score	0.6207808256149292
keywords[5].display_name	Spectral shape analysis
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance
keywords[6].score	0.6074530482292175
keywords[6].display_name	Euclidean distance
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[7].score	0.5926467776298523
keywords[7].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/feature
keywords[8].score	0.588445782661438
keywords[8].display_name	Feature (linguistics)
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[9].score	0.5646879076957703
keywords[9].display_name	Artificial intelligence
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence
keywords[10].score	0.514956533908844
keywords[10].display_name	Divergence (linguistics)
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/basis
keywords[11].score	0.4589674472808838
keywords[11].display_name	Basis (linear algebra)
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector
keywords[12].score	0.4547441005706787
keywords[12].display_name	Feature vector
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction
keywords[13].score	0.4178638458251953
keywords[13].display_name	Feature extraction
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[14].score	0.34105443954467773
keywords[14].display_name	Computer science
keywords[15].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line
keywords[15].score	0.20652467012405396
keywords[15].display_name	Spectral line
keywords[16].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining
keywords[16].score	0.1996178925037384
keywords[16].display_name	Data mining
keywords[17].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry
keywords[17].score	0.13174551725387573
keywords[17].display_name	Geometry
keywords[18].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/physics
keywords[18].score	0.1145206093788147
keywords[18].display_name	Physics
keywords[19].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/optics
keywords[19].score	0.08729729056358337
keywords[19].display_name	Optics
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.25103/jestr.085.22
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2736934119
locations[0].source.issn	1791-2377, 1791-9320
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	1791-2377
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310318052
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310318052
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
locations[1].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ffe6837630ff43fea32297b9edea0062
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[1].source.host_organization
locations[1].source.host_organization_name
locations[1].license	cc-by-sa
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	submittedVersion
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published	False
locations[1].raw_source_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, Vol 8, Iss 5, Pp 172-179 (2015)
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/ffe6837630ff43fea32297b9edea0062
indexed_in	crossref, doaj
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5103077037
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-7660
authorships[0].author.display_name	Jianli Ding
authorships[0].countries	CN
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Changsha Engineering & Research Institute Ltd. of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Changsha, 410011, China
authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I139660479
authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I139660479
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00f1zfq44
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I139660479
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Central South University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	J. G. Ding
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Changsha Engineering & Research Institute Ltd. of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Changsha, 410011, China, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5060255447
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-2576
authorships[1].author.display_name	Xuejian Li
authorships[1].countries	CN
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I139660479
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I139660479
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00f1zfq44
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I139660479
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Central South University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	X. B. Li
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5059624019
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-7962
authorships[2].author.display_name	Linpeng Huang
authorships[2].countries	AU
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I205640436
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I205640436
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02n415q13
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I205640436
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	AU
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	Curtin University
authorships[2].author_position	last
authorships[2].raw_author_name	L. Q. Huang
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
open_access.oa_status	diamond
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2017-01-06T00:00:00
display_name	A Novel Method for Spectral Similarity Measure by Fusing Shape and Amplitude Features
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T12157
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
primary_topic.field.display_name	Computer Science
primary_topic.score	0.9998000264167786
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
primary_topic.display_name	Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
related_works	https://openalex.org/W1990140521, https://openalex.org/W3111740253, https://openalex.org/W2902282441, https://openalex.org/W2907196492, https://openalex.org/W1970141873, https://openalex.org/W2157579282, https://openalex.org/W1982925424, https://openalex.org/W2811335600, https://openalex.org/W4231537015, https://openalex.org/W2601128660
cited_by_count	15
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[1].year	2023
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[2].year	2021
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	4
counts_by_year[3].year	2020
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	4
counts_by_year[4].year	2019
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[5].year	2017
counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[6].year	2016
counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.25103/jestr.085.22
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S2736934119
best_oa_location.source.issn	1791-2377, 1791-9320
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	1791-2377
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310318052
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310318052
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
primary_location.id	doi:10.25103/jestr.085.22
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S2736934119
primary_location.source.issn	1791-2377, 1791-9320
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	1791-2377
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310318052
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310318052
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.085.22
publication_date	2015-10-01
publication_year	2015
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2010319424, https://openalex.org/W2009539575, https://openalex.org/W2065991620, https://openalex.org/W1970475948, https://openalex.org/W2000285770, https://openalex.org/W2046346658, https://openalex.org/W2371402057, https://openalex.org/W1994784561, https://openalex.org/W2124480063, https://openalex.org/W1965548396, https://openalex.org/W1532610010, https://openalex.org/W2885085815, https://openalex.org/W2009951413, https://openalex.org/W2094304765, https://openalex.org/W1656974909, https://openalex.org/W2606306511, https://openalex.org/W2123800205, https://openalex.org/W2363008083, https://openalex.org/W2375063065, https://openalex.org/W3103590434
referenced_works_count	20
abstract_inverted_index.To	21
abstract_inverted_index.as	154
abstract_inverted_index.by	55, 90, 97, 110
abstract_inverted_index.is	3, 15, 144
abstract_inverted_index.of	6, 12, 34, 65, 81, 128
abstract_inverted_index.on	100, 106
abstract_inverted_index.to	146
abstract_inverted_index.SAF	67, 114, 120, 143
abstract_inverted_index.The	10
abstract_inverted_index.and	26, 36, 46, 58, 62, 71, 103, 130, 139, 160
abstract_inverted_index.the	4, 16, 23, 41, 51, 79, 93, 116, 122
abstract_inverted_index.SAF,	112, 152
abstract_inverted_index.such	153
abstract_inverted_index.that	150
abstract_inverted_index.this	30
abstract_inverted_index.were	77
abstract_inverted_index.with	68
abstract_inverted_index.based	99, 105
abstract_inverted_index.basis	5, 80
abstract_inverted_index.inner	126
abstract_inverted_index.other	147
abstract_inverted_index.paper	31
abstract_inverted_index.shape	25, 35, 42, 57, 101, 129, 138
abstract_inverted_index.shows	115
abstract_inverted_index.which	135
abstract_inverted_index.(SAF),	61
abstract_inverted_index.(USGS)	86
abstract_inverted_index.Fusing	119, 142
abstract_inverted_index.States	83
abstract_inverted_index.Survey	85
abstract_inverted_index.United	82
abstract_inverted_index.fusing	56, 66, 113
abstract_inverted_index.scale,	157
abstract_inverted_index.vector	45
abstract_inverted_index.express	22
abstract_inverted_index.feature	38, 43, 132
abstract_inverted_index.highest	94, 117
abstract_inverted_index.measure	2, 54
abstract_inverted_index.product	127
abstract_inverted_index.results	124
abstract_inverted_index.vector,	39, 49
abstract_inverted_index.Spectral	0
abstract_inverted_index.distance	44, 70, 133
abstract_inverted_index.features	14, 28, 60, 102
abstract_inverted_index.followed	96
abstract_inverted_index.measure,	159
abstract_inverted_index.measure.	20
abstract_inverted_index.measured	123
abstract_inverted_index.measures	76, 89, 98, 104, 109, 149
abstract_inverted_index.presents	32
abstract_inverted_index.proposes	50
abstract_inverted_index.spectral	7, 13, 18, 24, 52, 72, 137, 155, 162
abstract_inverted_index.superior	145
abstract_inverted_index.vectors,	134
abstract_inverted_index.Different	75
abstract_inverted_index.Euclidean	69
abstract_inverted_index.accuracy,	95
abstract_inverted_index.accuracy.	118
abstract_inverted_index.amplitude	27, 37, 47, 59, 107, 131, 140
abstract_inverted_index.discloses	63
abstract_inverted_index.expresses	121
abstract_inverted_index.integrate	136, 151
abstract_inverted_index.Generally,	88
abstract_inverted_index.Geological	84
abstract_inverted_index.constructs	40
abstract_inverted_index.normalized	161
abstract_inverted_index.similarity	1, 19, 53, 148, 156, 163
abstract_inverted_index.description	11
abstract_inverted_index.divergence.	74
abstract_inverted_index.extraction.	9
abstract_inverted_index.information	8, 73
abstract_inverted_index.integrating	91, 111
abstract_inverted_index.reasonably,	29
abstract_inverted_index.key \nto	17
abstract_inverted_index.with \nthe	125
abstract_inverted_index.tested \non	78
abstract_inverted_index.SAF \nachieve	92
abstract_inverted_index.features. \nIn	108
abstract_inverted_index.score(NS3 \n).	164
abstract_inverted_index.features \nwell.	141
abstract_inverted_index.mineral_beckman_430.	87
abstract_inverted_index.the \ndefinition	33
abstract_inverted_index.feature \ndistance	48
abstract_inverted_index.the \nrelationship	64
abstract_inverted_index.spectral \npan-similarity	158
cited_by_percentile_year.max	97
cited_by_percentile_year.min	89
countries_distinct_count	2
institutions_distinct_count	3
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.86506749
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False