A Review of Blockchain Platforms Based on the Scalability, Security and Decentralization Trilemma Article Swipe
Jan Werth
,
Mohammad Hajian Berenjestanaki
,
Hamid R. Barzegar
,
Nabil El Ioini
,
Claus Pahl
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467
As blockchains are more and more used to support information system architectures, the question of the suitability of a blockchain technology for a particular system arises. However, given the vast amount of existing blockchain platforms, this choice is difficult as each blockchain focuses on different aspects. The most critical ones are scalability, security, and decentralization, which make up the blockchain trilemma. We review a selection of the most popular blockchain platforms based on their blockchain trilemma properties and related aspects. Then, the platforms will be analyzed on the three aspects of the blockchain trilemma.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 28
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4367155885
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4367155885Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Review of Blockchain Platforms Based on the Scalability, Security and Decentralization TrilemmaWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jan Werth, Mohammad Hajian Berenjestanaki, Hamid R. Barzegar, Nabil El Ioini, Claus PahlList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Trilemma, Blockchain, Scalability, Decentralization, Computer science, Computer security, Economics, Database, Monetary policy, Political science, Macroeconomics, LawTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
28Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 17, 2024: 9, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4367155885 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4367155885 |
| fwci | 17.31765355 |
| type | review |
| title | A Review of Blockchain Platforms Based on the Scalability, Security and Decentralization Trilemma |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10270 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.8065999746322632 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1710 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Information Systems |
| topics[0].display_name | Blockchain Technology Applications and Security |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780676692 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9273405075073242 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073549 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Trilemma |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779687700 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.9257015585899353 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Blockchain |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C48044578 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7294373512268066 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Scalability |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C136810230 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6852318048477173 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Decentralization |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5982450246810913 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.38152918219566345 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.1324676275253296 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C77088390 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.10072430968284607 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Database |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C126285488 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.09908345341682434 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Monetary policy |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.08892714977264404 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C139719470 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.08087331056594849 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Macroeconomics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.05865943431854248 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Law |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/trilemma |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9273405075073242 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Trilemma |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain |
| keywords[1].score | 0.9257015585899353 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Blockchain |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7294373512268066 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Scalability |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6852318048477173 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Decentralization |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5982450246810913 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[5].score | 0.38152918219566345 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer security |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.1324676275253296 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/database |
| keywords[7].score | 0.10072430968284607 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Database |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy |
| keywords[8].score | 0.09908345341682434 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Monetary policy |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science |
| keywords[9].score | 0.08892714977264404 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Political science |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.08087331056594849 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Macroeconomics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/law |
| keywords[11].score | 0.05865943431854248 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Law |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | proceedings-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:unibz.it:11310718360001241 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | text |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/conferenceProceeding/A-Review-of-Blockchain-Platforms-Based/991006681398101241 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071426903 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jan Werth |
| authorships[0].countries | IT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/012ajp527 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Jan Werth |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077877171 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-081X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mohammad Hajian Berenjestanaki |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/012ajp527 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Mohammad Berenjestanaki |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032833756 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-3537 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Hamid R. Barzegar |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/012ajp527 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Hamid Barzegar |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023208989 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Nabil El Ioini |
| authorships[3].countries | MY |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I155043079 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Nottingham, Malaysia, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I155043079 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04mz9mt17 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I142263535, https://openalex.org/I155043079 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Nabil El Ioini |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Nottingham, Malaysia, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003596976 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-212X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Claus Pahl |
| authorships[4].countries | IT |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/012ajp527 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I171543936 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Claus Pahl |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, --- Select a Country --- |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Review of Blockchain Platforms Based on the Scalability, Security and Decentralization Trilemma |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10270 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.8065999746322632 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1710 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Information Systems |
| primary_topic.display_name | Blockchain Technology Applications and Security |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2372775434, https://openalex.org/W4210406818, https://openalex.org/W4306779889, https://openalex.org/W4386732777, https://openalex.org/W3211706803, https://openalex.org/W4382775358, https://openalex.org/W4388131927, https://openalex.org/W4220849471, https://openalex.org/W4367021266, https://openalex.org/W4386419845 |
| cited_by_count | 28 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 17 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5220/0011837200003467 |
| publication_date | 2023-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 18, 22, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 14, 17, 31, 65, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 43, 72, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 4, 53, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 2, 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 12, 15, 28, 58, 66, 81, 87, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 3, 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 47, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ones | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vast | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Then, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.given | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amount | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choice | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 10, 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arises. | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focuses | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.popular | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects. | 45, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.question | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trilemma | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficult | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platforms | 70, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selection | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trilemma. | 60, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blockchain | 19, 33, 41, 59, 69, 74, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platforms, | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blockchains | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitability | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalability, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.architectures, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decentralization, | 54 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Reduced inequalities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.98898056 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |