A Robotized Raspberry-Based System for Pothole 3D Reconstruction and Mapping Article Swipe
Salvatore Bruno
,
Giuseppe Loprencipe
,
Paola Di Mascio
,
Giuseppe Cantisani
,
Nicola Fiore
,
Carlo Polidori
,
Antonio D’Andrea
,
Laura Moretti
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860
Repairing potholes is a task for municipalities to prevent serious road user injuries and vehicle damage. This study presents a low-cost, high-performance pothole monitoring system to maintain urban roads. The authors developed a methodology based on photogrammetry techniques to predict the pothole’s shape and volume. A collection of overlapping 2D images shot by a Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B has been used to create a pothole 3D model. The Raspberry-based configuration has been mounted on an autonomous and remote-controlled robot (developed in the InfraROB European project) to reduce workers’ exposure to live traffic in survey activities and automate the process. The outputs of photogrammetry processing software have been validated through laboratory tests set as ground truth; the trial has been conducted on a tile made of asphalt mixture, reproducing a real pothole. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies allowed visualising potholes on a map with information about their centre, volume, backfill material, and an associated image. Ten on-site tests validated that the system works in an uncontrolled environment and not only in the laboratory. The results showed that the system is a valuable tool for monitoring road potholes taking into account construction workers’ and road users’ health and safety.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 45
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4382135989
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4382135989Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Robotized Raspberry-Based System for Pothole 3D Reconstruction and MappingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-06-24Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Salvatore Bruno, Giuseppe Loprencipe, Paola Di Mascio, Giuseppe Cantisani, Nicola Fiore, Carlo Polidori, Antonio D’Andrea, Laura MorettiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pothole (geology), Photogrammetry, Global Positioning System, Raspberry pi, Process (computing), Engineering, Transport engineering, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Embedded system, Telecommunications, Geology, Internet of Things, Operating system, PetrologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
14Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 7, 2024: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
45Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4382135989 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447710 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4382135989 |
| fwci | 2.86309778 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D021621 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Imaging, Three-Dimensional |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D012984 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Software |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D002947 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Cities |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D010780 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Photogrammetry |
| type | article |
| title | A Robotized Raspberry-Based System for Pothole 3D Reconstruction and Mapping |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G7664762926 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320320300 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 955337 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | European Commission |
| biblio.issue | 13 |
| biblio.volume | 23 |
| biblio.last_page | 5860 |
| biblio.first_page | 5860 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11606 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11211 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9975000023841858 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1907 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Geology |
| topics[1].display_name | 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10534 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9747999906539917 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Structural Health Monitoring Techniques |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320320300 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00k4n6c32 |
| funders[0].display_name | European Commission |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2776023743 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9769744873046875 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234907 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pothole (geology) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C117455697 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.742985188961029 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Photogrammetry |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C60229501 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5649516582489014 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Global Positioning System |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2985745059 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.488898903131485 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Raspberry pi |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C98045186 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4589037299156189 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Process (computing) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.3928084969520569 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C22212356 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.39249783754348755 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Transport engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.347084641456604 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.24166080355644226 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C149635348 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.14915192127227783 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Embedded system |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C81860439 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Internet of Things |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C5900021 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Petrology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pothole |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9769744873046875 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pothole (geology) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry |
| keywords[1].score | 0.742985188961029 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Photogrammetry |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5649516582489014 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Global Positioning System |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/raspberry-pi |
| keywords[3].score | 0.488898903131485 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Raspberry pi |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/process |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4589037299156189 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Process (computing) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.3928084969520569 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.39249783754348755 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Transport engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[7].score | 0.347084641456604 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[8].score | 0.24166080355644226 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system |
| keywords[9].score | 0.14915192127227783 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Embedded system |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/s23135860 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:37447710 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447710 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10347019 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10347019/pdf/sensors-23-05860.pdf |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10347019 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f9d4adcaeaf49e89ef52e307fde4b19 |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5860 (2023) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/0f9d4adcaeaf49e89ef52e307fde4b19 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1685378 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4377196107 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].license | cc-by-nc-sa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1685378 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5860/ |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[5].license | cc-by |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | Text |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5860 |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135860 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027784934 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-8210 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Salvatore Bruno |
| authorships[0].countries | IT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Salvatore Bruno |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063713573 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-8849 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Giuseppe Loprencipe |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Giuseppe Loprencipe |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000246272 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8814-8605 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Paola Di Mascio |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Paola Di Mascio |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5013924652 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-6900 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Giuseppe Cantisani |
| authorships[3].countries | IT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Giuseppe Cantisani |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023697609 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-9143 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Nicola Fiore |
| authorships[4].countries | IT |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Nicola Fiore |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010137081 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-8638 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Carlo Polidori |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | AIPSS Associazione Italiana Professionisti Sicurezza Stradale, Piazza del Teatro di Pompeo 2, 00186 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Carlo Polidori |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | AIPSS Associazione Italiana Professionisti Sicurezza Stradale, Piazza del Teatro di Pompeo 2, 00186 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060059960 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-0220 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Antonio D’Andrea |
| authorships[6].countries | IT |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Antonio D’Andrea |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5073652009 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-8074 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Laura Moretti |
| authorships[7].countries | IT |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02be6w209 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Sapienza University of Rome |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Laura Moretti |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A Robotized Raspberry-Based System for Pothole 3D Reconstruction and Mapping |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11606 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2185993565, https://openalex.org/W2592426749, https://openalex.org/W2383269480, https://openalex.org/W4312659957, https://openalex.org/W640636360, https://openalex.org/W278943861, https://openalex.org/W4390073513, https://openalex.org/W3118927687, https://openalex.org/W2960952826, https://openalex.org/W2392507137 |
| cited_by_count | 14 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/s23135860 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/s23135860 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5860/pdf?version=1687688152 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135860 |
| publication_date | 2023-06-24 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4310153866, https://openalex.org/W2603066586, https://openalex.org/W2899348021, https://openalex.org/W2973011457, https://openalex.org/W1522067002, https://openalex.org/W2790090188, https://openalex.org/W3159732710, https://openalex.org/W4225638469, https://openalex.org/W2302216584, https://openalex.org/W2590631133, https://openalex.org/W2945492523, https://openalex.org/W4200371635, https://openalex.org/W2589757140, https://openalex.org/W6686385793, https://openalex.org/W3093788378, https://openalex.org/W4226188748, https://openalex.org/W2565354498, https://openalex.org/W1977324115, https://openalex.org/W3000602481, https://openalex.org/W2172941934, https://openalex.org/W2945584839, https://openalex.org/W3045892765, https://openalex.org/W2904722804, https://openalex.org/W2972469182, https://openalex.org/W2083361127, https://openalex.org/W2189079333, https://openalex.org/W4296397494, https://openalex.org/W2063721129, https://openalex.org/W3164832117, https://openalex.org/W4281480072, https://openalex.org/W2892445162, https://openalex.org/W3198038069, https://openalex.org/W4285007528, https://openalex.org/W6849564582, https://openalex.org/W3143646918, https://openalex.org/W4294253411, https://openalex.org/W6850243657, https://openalex.org/W2923780541, https://openalex.org/W6602528449, https://openalex.org/W2918885827, https://openalex.org/W3157977869, https://openalex.org/W2185029355, https://openalex.org/W4321639052, https://openalex.org/W61285369, https://openalex.org/W4321506258 |
| referenced_works_count | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4 | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.B | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 19, 32, 53, 61, 72, 130, 137, 154, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2D | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3D | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pi | 55, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 83, 165, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 89, 101, 176, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 47, 110, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 35, 82, 129, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 7, 25, 38, 60, 70, 94, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ten | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 29, 76, 108, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 13, 43, 85, 104, 144, 164, 180, 205, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 5, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 67, 79, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.map | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 40, 90, 106, 124, 173, 184, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 68, 80, 115, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.live | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.road | 10, 198, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shot | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.task | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 172, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tile | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.user | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GIS) | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GPS) | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Model | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.robot | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shape | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests | 119, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trial | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urban | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.works | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Camera | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Global | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Module | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.System | 142, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.create | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.image. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.images | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model. | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roads. | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survey | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 24, 174, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taking | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.truth; | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.account | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allowed | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.asphalt | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.authors | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centre, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mounted | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on-site | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outputs | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pothole | 22, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predict | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevent | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety. | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serious | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traffic | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vehicle | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volume, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volume. | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.European | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.InfraROB | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.automate | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.backfill | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injuries | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintain | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixture, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pothole. | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potholes | 1, 152, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.project) | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users’ | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valuable | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Raspberry | 54, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Repairing | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connected | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-cost, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validated | 116, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(developed | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activities | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autonomous | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collection | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 23, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workers’ | 96, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Information | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Positioning | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory. | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodology | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overlapping | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pothole’s | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reproducing | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.visualising | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Geographical | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construction | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncontrolled | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configuration | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.municipalities | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photogrammetry | 36, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Raspberry-based | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-performance | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remote-controlled | 86 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 98 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5073652009 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I861853513 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6200000047683716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Sustainable cities and communities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.88139599 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |