This article proposes an alternative filtering technique to improve interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series by reducing residual noise while retaining the ground deformation signal. To this end, for the first time, a data-driven approach is introduced, which is based on Takens's method within the sequential Monte Carlo framework, allowing for a model-free approach to filter noisy data. Both a Kalman-based filter and a particle filter (PF) are applied within this framework to investigate their …