A stochastic and analytical model of hierarchical fragmentation Article Swipe
B. Thomasson
,
Isabelle Joncour
,
E. Moraux
,
F. Motte
,
F. Louvet
,
M. González
,
T. Nony
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649
Context . Molecular clouds are the most important incubators of young stars clustered in various stellar structures whose spatial extension can vary from a few AU to several thousand AU. Although the reality of these stellar systems has been established, the physical origin of their multiplicity remains an open question. Aims . Our aim was to characterise these stellar groups at the onset of their formation by quantifying both the number of stars they contain and their mass using a hierarchical fragmentation model of the natal molecular cloud. Methods . We developed a stochastic and predictive model that reconciles the continuous multi-scale structure of a fragmenting molecular cloud with the discrete nature of the stars that are the products of this fragmentation. In this model a gas structure is defined as a multi-scale object associated with a subregion of a cloud. Such a structure undergoes quasi-static subfragmentation until star formation. This model was implemented within a gravo-turbulent fragmentation framework to analytically follow the fragmentation properties along spatial scales using an isothermal and adiabatic equations of state (EOSs). Results . We highlighted three fragmentation modes depending on the amount of fragments produced by a collapsing gas structure, namely a hierarchical mode, a monolithic mode, and a mass dispersal mode. Using an adiabatic EOS we determined a characteristic spatial scale where further fragmentation is prevented, around a few tens of AU. We show that fragmentation is a self-regulated process as fragments tend to become marginally unstable following a M ∝ R Bonnor–Ebert-like mass-size profile. Supersonic turbulent fragmentation structures the cloud down to R ≈ 0.1 pc, and gradually turns into a less productive Jeans-type fragmentation under subsonic conditions so hierarchical fragmentation is a scale dependant process. Conclusions . Our work suggests that pre-stellar objects resulting from gas fragmentation, have to progressively increase their accretion rate in order to form stars. A hierarchical fragmentation scenario is compatible with both the multiplicity of stellar systems identified in Taurus and the multi-scale structure extracted within NGC 2264 molecular cloud. This work suggests that hierarchical fragmentation is one of the main mechanisms explaining the presence of primordial structures of stellar clusters in molecular clouds.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 71
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4401356499
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4401356499Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A stochastic and analytical model of hierarchical fragmentationWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-08-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
B. Thomasson, Isabelle Joncour, E. Moraux, F. Motte, F. Louvet, M. González, T. NonyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Physics, Astrophysics, Fragmentation (computing), Molecular cloud, Stars, Adiabatic process, Star formation, Turbulence, Astronomy, Mechanics, Quantum mechanics, Operating system, Computer scienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
71Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4401356499 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4401356499 |
| fwci | 1.20023249 |
| type | article |
| title | A stochastic and analytical model of hierarchical fragmentation |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 689 |
| biblio.last_page | A133 |
| biblio.first_page | A133 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10477 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[0].display_name | Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10039 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[1].score | 0.9908000230789185 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[1].display_name | Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10117 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/15 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Chemical Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9902999997138977 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1507 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8236008286476135 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C44870925 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7826036214828491 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Astrophysics |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C191015642 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7624394297599792 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Fragmentation (computing) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C86021447 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.7282993793487549 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272447 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Molecular cloud |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C150846664 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.7211114764213562 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Stars |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C109663097 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6919211745262146 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Adiabatic process |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C125857072 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5406515002250671 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Star formation |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C196558001 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.42962029576301575 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Turbulence |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C1276947 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.365261435508728 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Astronomy |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C57879066 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.1337909698486328 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mechanics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.09208458662033081 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8236008286476135 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7826036214828491 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Astrophysics |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fragmentation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7624394297599792 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Fragmentation (computing) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-cloud |
| keywords[3].score | 0.7282993793487549 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Molecular cloud |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/stars |
| keywords[4].score | 0.7211114764213562 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Stars |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabatic-process |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6919211745262146 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Adiabatic process |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/star-formation |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5406515002250671 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Star formation |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence |
| keywords[7].score | 0.42962029576301575 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Turbulence |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy |
| keywords[8].score | 0.365261435508728 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Astronomy |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.1337909698486328 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mechanics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.09208458662033081 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S205231332 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0004-6361 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | EDP Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | EDP Sciences |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.02472 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.02472 |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | text |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02472 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04692436v1 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402512 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Journal articles |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, 2024, 689, pp.A133. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202449649⟩ |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://hal.science/hal-04692436 |
| indexed_in | arxiv, crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5064678785 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6698-392X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | B. Thomasson |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | B. Thomasson |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5005158689 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2515-0171 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Isabelle Joncour |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | I. Joncour |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017844341 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-7295 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | E. Moraux |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | E. Moraux |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061168955 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-8002 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | F. Motte |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | F. Motte |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076301056 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-4424 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | F. Louvet |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | F. Louvet |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084667229 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-3869 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | M. González |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | M. González |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030346478 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3246-0821 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | T. Nony |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | T. Nony |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2024-08-07T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A stochastic and analytical model of hierarchical fragmentation |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10477 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2053976937, https://openalex.org/W3100366347, https://openalex.org/W3102491785, https://openalex.org/W3100223233, https://openalex.org/W4226481229, https://openalex.org/W3098479536, https://openalex.org/W3099778058, https://openalex.org/W2166672701, https://openalex.org/W2260401275, https://openalex.org/W2750756466 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S205231332 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0004-6361 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | EDP Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | EDP Sciences |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S205231332 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0004-6361 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | EDP Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | EDP Sciences |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449649 |
| publication_date | 2024-08-06 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1592361698, https://openalex.org/W2138267038, https://openalex.org/W1997024020, https://openalex.org/W2938121502, https://openalex.org/W2126461585, https://openalex.org/W2114351830, https://openalex.org/W2103318648, https://openalex.org/W4300721763, https://openalex.org/W2526651058, https://openalex.org/W3081415987, https://openalex.org/W1967039664, https://openalex.org/W2275080503, https://openalex.org/W2405929052, https://openalex.org/W3037126510, https://openalex.org/W2083630156, https://openalex.org/W2075057122, https://openalex.org/W2007283764, https://openalex.org/W3106943340, https://openalex.org/W2099813871, https://openalex.org/W2738538889, https://openalex.org/W2799053481, https://openalex.org/W2138679286, https://openalex.org/W2075908089, https://openalex.org/W2030648370, https://openalex.org/W2265766938, https://openalex.org/W1972072317, https://openalex.org/W1970435552, https://openalex.org/W2989596945, https://openalex.org/W4296508420, https://openalex.org/W4289220308, https://openalex.org/W2796835946, https://openalex.org/W1981452390, https://openalex.org/W1991323771, https://openalex.org/W1979621263, https://openalex.org/W2099843519, https://openalex.org/W2129495060, https://openalex.org/W2025056895, https://openalex.org/W1968137411, https://openalex.org/W1977111510, https://openalex.org/W2166026900, https://openalex.org/W3106288238, https://openalex.org/W2140984404, https://openalex.org/W3181033483, https://openalex.org/W3043098413, https://openalex.org/W2067683282, https://openalex.org/W4300508684, https://openalex.org/W2061653278, https://openalex.org/W1881315806, https://openalex.org/W2001401569, https://openalex.org/W1929501738, https://openalex.org/W1978412322, https://openalex.org/W2774912596, https://openalex.org/W2146896318, https://openalex.org/W2036179433, https://openalex.org/W4283833160, https://openalex.org/W1979325588, https://openalex.org/W2795289293, https://openalex.org/W1969008921, https://openalex.org/W2951911780, https://openalex.org/W2925297590, https://openalex.org/W2077133121, https://openalex.org/W3106882524, https://openalex.org/W3104218528, https://openalex.org/W3106013023, https://openalex.org/W3100926090, https://openalex.org/W3121434188, https://openalex.org/W3103288945, https://openalex.org/W3103229557, https://openalex.org/W3104609259, https://openalex.org/W3099110054, https://openalex.org/W3105089872 |
| referenced_works_count | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.. | 1, 51, 89, 178, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.M | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.R | 248, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 23, 79, 92, 104, 125, 131, 136, 139, 142, 155, 192, 197, 200, 204, 214, 224, 234, 245, 268, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AU | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 90, 179, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 47, 169, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 130, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 66, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 13, 303, 322, 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 128, 221, 233, 279, 312, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 9, 33, 43, 63, 71, 83, 103, 112, 119, 138, 174, 188, 227, 318, 342, 349, 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 26, 55, 159, 240, 259, 297, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.1 | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AU. | 29, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EOS | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NGC | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 52, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aim | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 75, 94, 171, 203, 264, 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.few | 24, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas | 126, 194, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pc, | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 31, 40, 61, 69, 84, 99, 109, 113, 117, 162, 186, 256, 316, 325, 343, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 54, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.∝ | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≈ | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2264 | 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Aims | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Such | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 150, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 68, 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.down | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 22, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main | 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass | 77, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.star | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tend | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tens | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 97, 115, 231, 289, 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 120, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vary | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 108, 135, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 287, 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Using | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cloud | 107, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode, | 199, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 82, 96, 124, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modes | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.natal | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 217, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stars | 11, 72, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 44, 64, 76, 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 34, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.turns | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.until | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 78, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whose | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.young | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Taurus | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amount | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.around | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cloud. | 87, 140, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clouds | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.follow | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.namely | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.object | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.origin | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scales | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stars. | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 154, 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EOSs). | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Context | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clouds. | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contain | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objects | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reality | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 18, 166, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stellar | 15, 35, 58, 319, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 36, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clusters | 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrete | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physical | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process. | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produced | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.products | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profile. | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenario | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsonic | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 288, 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thousand | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unstable | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Molecular | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accretion | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adiabatic | 172, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clustered | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependant | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depending | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dispersal | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equations | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extension | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracted | 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.following | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragments | 189, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradually | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass-size | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecular | 86, 106, 332, 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.question. | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 102, 127, 143, 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subregion | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.turbulent | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undergoes | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Jeans-type | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Supersonic | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collapsing | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compatible | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuous | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explaining | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incubators | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isothermal | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marginally | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monolithic | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictive | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevented, | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primordial | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.productive | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconciles | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stochastic | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure, | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures | 16, 255, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmenting | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighted | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implemented | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-scale | 101, 132, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pre-stellar | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantifying | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analytically | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterise | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hierarchical | 80, 198, 277, 309, 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiplicity | 45, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quasi-static | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmentation | 81, 157, 163, 182, 220, 232, 254, 272, 278, 310, 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progressively | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristic | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmentation, | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmentation. | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-regulated | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gravo-turbulent | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subfragmentation | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bonnor–Ebert-like | 249 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.76484457 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |