A Structured ICA-based Process for Removing Auditory Evoked Potentials Reveals TMS-evoked Potentials and TMS-modulated Oscillations Article Swipe
Jessica M. Ross
,
Recep A. Ozdemir
,
Shu Jing Lian
,
Peter J. Fried
,
Eva M. Schmitt
,
Sharon K. Inouye
,
Álvaro Pascual‐Leone
,
Mouhsin M. Shafi
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-701718/v1
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-701718/v1
Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs), recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), reflect a combination of TMS-induced cortical activity and multi-sensory responses to TMS. The auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a high-amplitude sensory potential—evoked by the “click” sound produced by every TMS pulse—that can dominate the TEP and obscure observation of other neural components. The AEP is peripherally evoked and therefore should not be stimulation site specific Objectives/Methods: We address the problem of disentangling the peripherally evoked AEP of the TEP from components evoked by cortical stimulation and ask whether removal of AEP enables more accurate isolation of TEP. We hypothesized that isolation of the AEP using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) would reveal features that are stimulation site specific and unique individual features. In order to improve the effectiveness of ICA for removal of AEP from the TEP, and thus more clearly separate the transcranial-evoked and non-specific TMS-modulated potentials, we merged sham and active TMS datasets representing multiple stimulation conditions, removed the resulting AEP component, and evaluated performance across different sham protocols and clinical populations using reduction in Global and Local Mean Field Potentials (GMFA/LMFA) and cosine similarity analysis. Results: We show that removing AEPs significantly reduced GMFA and LMFA in the post-stimulation TEP (14 to 400 ms), driven by time windows consistent with the N100 and P200 temporal characteristics of AEPs. Cosine similarity analysis supports that removing AEPs reduces TEP similarity between subjects and reduces TEP similarity between stimulation conditions. Similarity is reduced most in a mid-latency window consistent with the N100 time-course, but nevertheless remains high in this time window. Residual TEP in this window has a time-course and topography unique from AEPs, which follow-up analyses suggest could be a modulation in the alpha band that is not stimulation site specific but is unique to individual subject. Conclusion(s): We show, using two datasets and two implementations of sham, evidence in cortical topography, TEP time-course, GMFA/LMFA and cosine similarity analyses that this procedure is effective and conservative in removing the AEP from TEP, and thereby reveals better defined TMS-evoked activity. We show TEP remaining in early, mid and late latencies. The early response is site and subject specific. Later responses are consistent with TMS-modulated alpha activity that is not site specific but is unique to the individual. TEP remaining after removal of AEP is unique and can provide insight into TMS-evoked potentials and other modulated oscillatory dynamics.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-701718/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-701718/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- References
- 93
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3182753632
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3182753632Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-701718/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Structured ICA-based Process for Removing Auditory Evoked Potentials Reveals TMS-evoked Potentials and TMS-modulated OscillationsWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-07-15Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jessica M. Ross, Recep A. Ozdemir, Shu Jing Lian, Peter J. Fried, Eva M. Schmitt, Sharon K. Inouye, Álvaro Pascual‐Leone, Mouhsin M. ShafiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-701718/v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-701718/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-701718/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
N100, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Evoked potential, Electroencephalography, Stimulation, Neuroscience, Independent component analysis, P200, Sensory system, Psychology, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Event-related potential, Perception, Visual perceptionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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93Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.a | 13, 30, 246, 268, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 68, 99, 190, 300, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 63, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 34, 39, 84, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 177, 200, 245, 258, 264, 283, 311, 328, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 29, 56, 242, 288, 294, 324, 354, 368, 373, 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 15, 50, 72, 78, 91, 97, 103, 129, 133, 220, 308, 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 22, 125, 205, 296, 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(14 | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.400 | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AEP | 55, 77, 92, 105, 134, 163, 331, 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ICA | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TEP | 46, 80, 203, 230, 236, 263, 314, 343, 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TMS | 41, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 24, 54, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 19, 47, 59, 87, 119, 138, 145, 152, 165, 172, 179, 185, 198, 216, 234, 270, 305, 317, 326, 334, 348, 356, 386, 393 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 115, 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ask | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 254, 293, 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 43, 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mid | 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 62, 289, 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 35, 45, 70, 74, 79, 104, 127, 136, 143, 161, 201, 214, 251, 284, 330, 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 303, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AEPs | 194, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GMFA | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LMFA | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mean | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.N100 | 215, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.P200 | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TEP, | 137, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TEP. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TMS. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.band | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 81, 135, 273, 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.late | 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 94, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ms), | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sham | 151, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 191, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site | 65, 117, 291, 355, 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 101, 114, 192, 226, 287, 321, 367 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 259, 265, 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 210, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 213, 250, 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AEP) | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ICA) | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AEPs, | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AEPs. | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Field | 182 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.Local | 180 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.could | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.every | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 51, 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sham, | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show, | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sound | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 9, 106, 175, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.would | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EEG), | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cosine | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Global | 178 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.cosine | 186, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driven | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early, | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evoked | 26, 58, 76, 83 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.reveal | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 120, 272, 295, 374, 385 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window | 248, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TEPs), | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 232, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clearly | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enables | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insight | 389 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obscure | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 388 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 196, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 229, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflect | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removal | 90, 132, 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removed | 160 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window. | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.windows | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Analysis | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Residual | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurate | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 18, 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 277, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.auditory | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cortical | 17, 85, 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.datasets | 155, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dominate | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnetic | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produced | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recorded | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removing | 193, 227, 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separate | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 66, 118, 292, 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subject. | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subjects | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supports | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temporal | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GMFA/LMFA | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity. | 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis. | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics. | 397 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features. | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.follow-up | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolation | 96, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulated | 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedure | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocols | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remaining | 344, 379 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses | 21, 360 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific. | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Components | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Potentials | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Similarity | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TMS-evoked | 339, 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component, | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistent | 212, 249, 362 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual | 121, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latencies. | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulation | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentials | 6, 392 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similarity | 187, 223, 231, 237, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topography | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GMFA/LMFA) | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background: | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Independent | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TMS-induced | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions. | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual. | 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mid-latency | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observation | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oscillatory | 396 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentials, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimulation | 4, 64, 86, 116, 158, 239, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-course | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topography, | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“click” | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TMS)-evoked | 5 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.hypothesized | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nevertheless | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-specific | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peripherally | 57, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulse—that | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.representing | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-course, | 253, 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TMS-modulated | 147, 364 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 195 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.implementations | 307 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.Objectives/Methods: | 67 |
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