A study of the effect of monitoring request and takeover request time interval on takeover characteristics Article Swipe
Huasen Wan
,
Xiaotian Li
,
Jingjing Chen
,
Rui Huang
,
Yanling Zhou
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028
With the advancement of Level-3 conditional automated driving technology, drivers are increasingly engaging in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) while the vehicle operates autonomously. However, this behavior can reduce takeover performance and compromise driving safety. The monitoring request (MR) mechanism alerts drivers in advance to resume monitoring traffic conditions, thereby improving takeover performance and ensuring safety. This study investigated the effect of four time intervals—3 s, 5 s, 7 s, and 9 s—on driver takeover characteristics, including takeover reaction time, maximum longitudinal deceleration, minimum collision time, fixation count, and the percentage of area of interest (AOI) fixation time. Results showed that longer time intervals significantly enhanced driver takeover performance and situational awareness. In particular, the 7 s and 9 s intervals resulted in significantly better performance and situational awareness compared to the 3 s and 5 s intervals, yet the difference between 7 s and 9 s was not statistically significant. To determine the optimal interval, the CRITIC-TOPSIS evaluation model was applied, which ranked the 7 s interval as the most effective, followed by 9 s, 5 s, and 3 s. These findings indicate that the 7 s interval achieves the best balance between driver preparedness and takeover performance, while the 3 s interval performed the worst. This study provides valuable insights into the design of the time interval between monitoring requests and takeover requests in automated driving systems, contributing to improved driving safety and user satisfaction.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028
- https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4414436891
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4414436891Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A study of the effect of monitoring request and takeover request time interval on takeover characteristicsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-09-23Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Huasen Wan, Xiaotian Li, Jingjing Chen, Rui Huang, Yanling ZhouList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4414436891 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4414436891 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | A study of the effect of monitoring request and takeover request time interval on takeover characteristics |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10068 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.8252999782562256 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1802 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Information Systems and Management |
| topics[0].display_name | Technology Adoption and User Behaviour |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10019 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/14 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Business, Management and Accounting |
| topics[1].score | 0.7713000178337097 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1402 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Accounting |
| topics[1].display_name | Corporate Finance and Governance |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T14260 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.7150999903678894 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1803 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Management Science and Operations Research |
| topics[2].display_name | Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1500 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1500 |
| apc_paid.value | 1500 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1500 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210220334 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2631-4428 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2631-4428 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Transportation Safety and Environment |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Oxford University Press |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311648, https://openalex.org/P4310311647 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Oxford University Press, University of Oxford |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Transportation Safety and Environment |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112056511 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Huasen Wan |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xyeez13 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Kunming University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Huasen Wan |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100785313 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2051-4581 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Xiaotian Li |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xyeez13 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Kunming University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Xiuxue Li |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111712439 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7074-6899 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jingjing Chen |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xyeez13 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Kunming University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jingjing Chen |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021176340 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8876 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Rui Huang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xyeez13 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Kunming University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Rui Huang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5114053518 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Yanling Zhou |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xyeez13 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10660446 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Kunming University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Yanling Zhou |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650504 Yunnan , |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | A study of the effect of monitoring request and takeover request time interval on takeover characteristics |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10068 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.8252999782562256 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1802 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Information Systems and Management |
| primary_topic.display_name | Technology Adoption and User Behaviour |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210220334 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2631-4428 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2631-4428 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Transportation Safety and Environment |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Oxford University Press |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311648, https://openalex.org/P4310311647 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Oxford University Press, University of Oxford |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Transportation Safety and Environment |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210220334 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2631-4428 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2631-4428 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Transportation Safety and Environment |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Oxford University Press |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311648, https://openalex.org/P4310311647 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Oxford University Press, University of Oxford |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://academic.oup.com/tse/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tse/tdaf028/64353406/tdaf028.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Transportation Safety and Environment |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaf028 |
| publication_date | 2025-09-23 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 132, 179, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 66, 135, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7 | 68, 115, 142, 165, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.9 | 71, 118, 145, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s | 116, 119, 133, 136, 143, 146, 166, 187, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 14, 42, 122, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 4, 61, 91, 93, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s, | 65, 67, 69, 175, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s. | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 44, 130, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 31, 53, 70, 88, 109, 117, 126, 134, 144, 178, 196, 222, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 2, 20, 59, 89, 114, 131, 139, 153, 156, 164, 169, 185, 190, 200, 205, 213, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 147, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yet | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MR) | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 56, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.With | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 100, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 63, 102, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.user | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AOI) | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 57, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tasks | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 79, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time. | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 19, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alerts | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.count, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driver | 73, 106, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranked | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resume | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s—on | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worst. | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NDRTs) | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Level-3 | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advance | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balance | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 141, 193, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drivers | 10, 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driving | 8, 33, 227, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimum | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.request | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety. | 34, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traffic | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vehicle | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieves | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applied, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engaging | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensuring | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixation | 86, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interest | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interval | 167, 188, 203, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operates | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requests | 221, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulted | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.takeover | 29, 51, 74, 77, 107, 197, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valuable | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.automated | 7, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.awareness | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collision | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interval, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervals | 103, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.awareness. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compromise | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervals, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 36, 46, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.percentage | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advancement | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditional | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-driving | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 30, 52, 108, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situational | 110, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology, | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributing | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longitudinal | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance, | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preparedness | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CRITIC-TOPSIS | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autonomously. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deceleration, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervals—3 | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satisfaction. | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 104, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistically | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics, | 75 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.32026469 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |