A Survey of Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling Communication Technologies and Challenges Article Swipe
Mohammad Nadeem Ahangar
,
Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed
,
Fahd Ahmed Khan
,
Maryam Hafeez
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030706
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030706
The Department of Transport in the United Kingdom recorded 25,080 motor vehicle fatalities in 2019. This situation stresses the need for an intelligent transport system (ITS) that improves road safety and security by avoiding human errors with the use of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, this survey discusses the current development of two main components of an ITS: (1) gathering of AVs surrounding data using sensors; and (2) enabling vehicular communication technologies. First, the paper discusses various sensors and their role in AVs. Then, various communication technologies for AVs to facilitate vehicle to everything (V2X) communication are discussed. Based on the transmission range, these technologies are grouped into three main categories: long-range, medium-range and short-range. The short-range group presents the development of Bluetooth, ZigBee and ultra-wide band communication for AVs. The medium-range examines the properties of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). Finally, the long-range group presents the cellular-vehicle to everything (C-V2X) and 5G-new radio (5G-NR). An important characteristic which differentiates each category and its suitable application is latency. This research presents a comprehensive study of AV technologies and identifies the main advantages, disadvantages, and challenges.
Related Topics
Concepts
Dedicated short-range communications
Bluetooth
Telecommunications
Computer science
Range (aeronautics)
Vehicular communication systems
Emerging technologies
Transmission (telecommunications)
Embedded system
Wireless
Computer security
Engineering
Vehicular ad hoc network
Wireless ad hoc network
Artificial intelligence
Aerospace engineering
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030706
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/706/pdf?version=1611218831
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 314
- References
- 210
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3121993166
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3121993166Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030706Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
A Survey of Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling Communication Technologies and ChallengesWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-01-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mohammad Nadeem Ahangar, Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed, Fahd Ahmed Khan, Maryam HafeezList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030706Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/706/pdf?version=1611218831Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/706/pdf?version=1611218831Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Dedicated short-range communications, Bluetooth, Telecommunications, Computer science, Range (aeronautics), Vehicular communication systems, Emerging technologies, Transmission (telecommunications), Embedded system, Wireless, Computer security, Engineering, Vehicular ad hoc network, Wireless ad hoc network, Artificial intelligence, Aerospace engineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
314Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 63, 2024: 91, 2023: 88, 2022: 51, 2021: 21Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
210Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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