Information • Vol 16 • No 6
A Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Medical Specialties: Applications, Challenges and Future Directions
June 2025 • Asma Musabah Alkalbani, Ahmed Salim Alrawahi, Ahmad Salah, Venus Haghighi, Yang Zhang, Salam Alkindi, Quan Z. Sheng
This systematic review evaluates recent literature from January 2021 to March 2024 on large language model (LLM) applications across diverse medical specialties. Searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, we included 84 studies. LLMs were applied to tasks such as clinical natural language processing, medical decision support, education, and aiding diagnostic processes. While studies reported benefits such as improved efficiency and, in some specific NLP tasks, high accuracy above 90%, significant challenges per…