A systematic review of machine learning-based prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: Towards improving methods and reporting quality Article Swipe

PDF

Brian Critelli , Amier Hassan , Ila Lahooti , Lydia Noh , Jun Sung Park , Kathleen Tong , Ali Lahooti , Nathan Matzko , Jan Niklas Adams , Lukas Liß , Justin Quion , David Restrepo , Melica Nikahd , Stacey Culp , Adam Lacy–Hulbert , Cate Speake , James Buxbaum , Jason J. Bischof , Cemal Yazıcı , Anna Evans-Phillips , Sophie Terp , Alexandra Weissman , Darwin L. Conwell , Philip Hart , Mitchell L. Ramsey , Somashekar G. Krishna , Samuel Han , Erica Park , Raj Shah , Venkata S. Akshintala , John A. Windsor , Nikhil K. Mull , Georgios Papachristou , Leo Anthony Celi , Peter Lee ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432

Background An accurate prognostic tool is essential to aid clinical decision-making (e.g., patient triage) and to advance personalized medicine. However, such a prognostic tool is lacking for acute pancreatitis (AP). Increasingly machine learning (ML) techniques are being used to develop high-performing prognostic models in AP. However, methodologic and reporting quality has received little attention . High-quality reporting and study methodology are critical for model validity, reproducibility, and clinical implementation. In collaboration with content experts in ML methodology, we performed a systematic review critically appraising the quality of methodology and reporting of recently published ML AP prognostic models. Methods/findings Using a validated search strategy, we identified ML AP studies from the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE published between January 2021 and December 2023. We also searched pre-print servers medRxiv, bioRxiv, and arXiv for pre-prints registered between January 2021 and December 2023. Eligibility criteria included all retrospective or prospective studies that developed or validated new or existing ML models in patients with AP that predicted an outcome following an episode of AP. Meta-analysis was considered if there was homogeneity in the study design and in the type of outcome predicted. For risk of bias (ROB) assessment, we used the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Quality of reporting was assessed using the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model of Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis—Artificial Intelligence (TRIPOD+AI) statement that defines standards for 27 items that should be reported in publications using ML prognostic models. The search strategy identified 6,480 publications of which 30 met the eligibility criteria. Studies originated from China (22), the United States (4), and other (4). All 30 studies developed a new ML model and none sought to validate an existing ML model, producing a total of 39 new ML models. AP severity (23/39) or mortality (6/39) were the most common outcomes predicted. The mean area under the curve for all models and endpoints was 0.91 (SD 0.08). The ROB was high for at least one domain in all 39 models, particularly for the analysis domain (37/39 models). Steps were not taken to minimize over-optimistic model performance in 27/39 models. Due to heterogeneity in the study design and in how the outcomes were defined and determined, meta-analysis was not performed. Studies reported on only 15/27 items from TRIPOD+AI standards, with only 7/30 justifying sample size and 13/30 assessing data quality. Other reporting deficiencies included omissions regarding human–AI interaction (28/30), handling low-quality or incomplete data in practice (27/30), sharing analytical codes (25/30), study protocols (25/30), and reporting source data (19/30). Conclusions There are significant deficiencies in the methodology and reporting of recently published ML based prognostic models in AP patients. These undermine the validity, reproducibility, and implementation of these prognostic models despite their promise of superior predictive accuracy. Registration Research Registry (reviewregistry1727)

Related Topics

Artificial Intelligence

Concepts

Medicine MEDLINE Systematic review Triage Machine learning Publication bias Artificial intelligence Meta-analysis Intensive care medicine Medical physics Internal medicine Emergency medicine Computer science Law Political science

Metadata

Type: review
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
PDF: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 4
References: 82
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4407900508

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4407900508

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432

Digital Object Identifier
Title: A systematic review of machine learning-based prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: Towards improving methods and reporting quality

Work title
Type: review

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-02-24

Full publication date if available
Authors: Brian Critelli, Amier Hassan, Ila Lahooti, Lydia Noh, Jun Sung Park, Kathleen Tong, Ali Lahooti, Nathan Matzko, Jan Niklas Adams, Lukas Liß, Justin Quion, David Restrepo, Melica Nikahd, Stacey Culp, Adam Lacy–Hulbert, Cate Speake, James Buxbaum, Jason J. Bischof, Cemal Yazıcı, Anna Evans-Phillips, Sophie Terp, Alexandra Weissman, Darwin L. Conwell, Philip Hart, Mitchell L. Ramsey, Somashekar G. Krishna, Samuel Han, Erica Park, Raj Shah, Venkata S. Akshintala, John A. Windsor, Nikhil K. Mull, Georgios Papachristou, Leo Anthony Celi, Peter Lee

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Medicine, MEDLINE, Systematic review, Triage, Machine learning, Publication bias, Artificial intelligence, Meta-analysis, Intensive care medicine, Medical physics, Internal medicine, Emergency medicine, Computer science, Law, Political science

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 4

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 4

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 82

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4407900508
doi	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39992936
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4407900508
fwci	26.4855251
mesh[0].qualifier_ui
mesh[0].descriptor_ui	D000069550
mesh[0].is_major_topic	True
mesh[0].qualifier_name
mesh[0].descriptor_name	Machine Learning
mesh[1].qualifier_ui
mesh[1].descriptor_ui	D006801
mesh[1].is_major_topic	False
mesh[1].qualifier_name
mesh[1].descriptor_name	Humans
mesh[2].qualifier_ui
mesh[2].descriptor_ui	D011379
mesh[2].is_major_topic	False
mesh[2].qualifier_name
mesh[2].descriptor_name	Prognosis
mesh[3].qualifier_ui	Q000175
mesh[3].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[3].is_major_topic	True
mesh[3].qualifier_name	diagnosis
mesh[3].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[4].qualifier_ui	Q000628
mesh[4].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[4].is_major_topic	True
mesh[4].qualifier_name	therapy
mesh[4].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[5].qualifier_ui	Q000401
mesh[5].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[5].is_major_topic	True
mesh[5].qualifier_name	mortality
mesh[5].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[6].qualifier_ui
mesh[6].descriptor_ui	D015203
mesh[6].is_major_topic	False
mesh[6].qualifier_name
mesh[6].descriptor_name	Reproducibility of Results
mesh[7].qualifier_ui
mesh[7].descriptor_ui	D000208
mesh[7].is_major_topic	False
mesh[7].qualifier_name
mesh[7].descriptor_name	Acute Disease
mesh[8].qualifier_ui
mesh[8].descriptor_ui	D006801
mesh[8].is_major_topic	False
mesh[8].qualifier_name
mesh[8].descriptor_name	Humans
mesh[9].qualifier_ui
mesh[9].descriptor_ui	D000069550
mesh[9].is_major_topic	True
mesh[9].qualifier_name
mesh[9].descriptor_name	Machine Learning
mesh[10].qualifier_ui	Q000628
mesh[10].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[10].is_major_topic	True
mesh[10].qualifier_name	therapy
mesh[10].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[11].qualifier_ui	Q000175
mesh[11].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[11].is_major_topic	True
mesh[11].qualifier_name	diagnosis
mesh[11].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[12].qualifier_ui
mesh[12].descriptor_ui	D011379
mesh[12].is_major_topic	False
mesh[12].qualifier_name
mesh[12].descriptor_name	Prognosis
mesh[13].qualifier_ui
mesh[13].descriptor_ui	D000208
mesh[13].is_major_topic	False
mesh[13].qualifier_name
mesh[13].descriptor_name	Acute Disease
mesh[14].qualifier_ui
mesh[14].descriptor_ui	D006801
mesh[14].is_major_topic	False
mesh[14].qualifier_name
mesh[14].descriptor_name	Humans
mesh[15].qualifier_ui
mesh[15].descriptor_ui	D000069550
mesh[15].is_major_topic	True
mesh[15].qualifier_name
mesh[15].descriptor_name	Machine Learning
mesh[16].qualifier_ui	Q000628
mesh[16].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[16].is_major_topic	True
mesh[16].qualifier_name	therapy
mesh[16].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[17].qualifier_ui	Q000175
mesh[17].descriptor_ui	D010195
mesh[17].is_major_topic	True
mesh[17].qualifier_name	diagnosis
mesh[17].descriptor_name	Pancreatitis
mesh[18].qualifier_ui
mesh[18].descriptor_ui	D011379
mesh[18].is_major_topic	False
mesh[18].qualifier_name
mesh[18].descriptor_name	Prognosis
mesh[19].qualifier_ui
mesh[19].descriptor_ui	D000208
mesh[19].is_major_topic	False
mesh[19].qualifier_name
mesh[19].descriptor_name	Acute Disease
type	review
title	A systematic review of machine learning-based prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: Towards improving methods and reporting quality
biblio.issue	2
biblio.volume	22
biblio.last_page	e1004432
biblio.first_page	e1004432
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10760
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	1.0
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2746
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Surgery
topics[0].display_name	Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10231
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[1].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[1].score	0.9986000061035156
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[1].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2730
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Oncology
topics[1].display_name	Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11855
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[2].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[2].score	0.9544000029563904
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[2].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2746
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Surgery
topics[2].display_name	Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	5300
apc_list.currency	USD
apc_list.value_usd	5300
apc_paid.value	5300
apc_paid.currency	USD
apc_paid.value_usd	5300
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.6835562586784363
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[0].display_name	Medicine
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2779473830
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.6174173355102539
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899
concepts[1].display_name	MEDLINE
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C189708586
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.5134390592575073
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425
concepts[2].display_name	Systematic review
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C2777120189
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.5126489996910095
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067
concepts[3].display_name	Triage
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C119857082
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.4696321487426758
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539
concepts[4].display_name	Machine learning
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C2780439572
concepts[5].level	3
concepts[5].score	0.43415719270706177
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364
concepts[5].display_name	Publication bias
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[6].level	1
concepts[6].score	0.38713538646698
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[6].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C95190672
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.38353195786476135
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382
concepts[7].display_name	Meta-analysis
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C177713679
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.3788726329803467
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690
concepts[8].display_name	Intensive care medicine
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C19527891
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.3685435354709625
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908
concepts[9].display_name	Medical physics
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C126322002
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.2842792272567749
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180
concepts[10].display_name	Internal medicine
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C194828623
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.2743602991104126
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470
concepts[11].display_name	Emergency medicine
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[12].level	0
concepts[12].score	0.23629364371299744
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[12].display_name	Computer science
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C199539241
concepts[13].level	1
concepts[13].score	0.0
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748
concepts[13].display_name	Law
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C17744445
concepts[14].level	0
concepts[14].score	0.0
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442
concepts[14].display_name	Political science
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[0].score	0.6835562586784363
keywords[0].display_name	Medicine
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medline
keywords[1].score	0.6174173355102539
keywords[1].display_name	MEDLINE
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review
keywords[2].score	0.5134390592575073
keywords[2].display_name	Systematic review
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/triage
keywords[3].score	0.5126489996910095
keywords[3].display_name	Triage
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning
keywords[4].score	0.4696321487426758
keywords[4].display_name	Machine learning
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-bias
keywords[5].score	0.43415719270706177
keywords[5].display_name	Publication bias
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[6].score	0.38713538646698
keywords[6].display_name	Artificial intelligence
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis
keywords[7].score	0.38353195786476135
keywords[7].display_name	Meta-analysis
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine
keywords[8].score	0.3788726329803467
keywords[8].display_name	Intensive care medicine
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics
keywords[9].score	0.3685435354709625
keywords[9].display_name	Medical physics
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine
keywords[10].score	0.2842792272567749
keywords[10].display_name	Internal medicine
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medicine
keywords[11].score	0.2743602991104126
keywords[11].display_name	Emergency medicine
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[12].score	0.23629364371299744
keywords[12].display_name	Computer science
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S197939330
locations[0].source.issn	1549-1277, 1549-1676
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	1549-1277
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	True
locations[0].source.display_name	PLoS Medicine
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310315706
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Public Library of Science
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310315706
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Public Library of Science
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	PLOS Medicine
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
locations[1].id	pmid:39992936
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	PLoS medicine
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39992936
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7f8f807254447b4876d4ac12555c939
locations[2].is_oa	False
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[2].source.host_organization
locations[2].source.host_organization_name
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	article
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	PLoS Medicine, Vol 22, Iss 2, p e1004432 (2025)
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/e7f8f807254447b4876d4ac12555c939
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11870378
locations[3].is_oa	True
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[3].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[3].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[3].license	other-oa
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	submittedVersion
locations[3].raw_type	Text
locations[3].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa
locations[3].is_accepted	False
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name	PLoS Med
locations[3].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11870378
indexed_in	crossref, doaj, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5082251174
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	Brian Critelli
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05bnh6r87
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Cornell University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Brian Critelli
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5046107301
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1460-4364
authorships[1].author.display_name	Amier Hassan
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05bnh6r87
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Cornell University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Amier Hassan
authorships[1].is_corresponding	True
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5013734822
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8736-7344
authorships[2].author.display_name	Ila Lahooti
authorships[2].countries	US
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Ila Lahooti
authorships[2].is_corresponding	True
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058260799
authorships[3].author.orcid
authorships[3].author.display_name	Lydia Noh
authorships[3].countries	US
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I95240055
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Northeast Ohio Medical School, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I95240055
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04q9qf557
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I95240055
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Northeast Ohio Medical University
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Lydia Noh
authorships[3].is_corresponding	True
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Northeast Ohio Medical School, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102993043
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-8155
authorships[4].author.display_name	Jun Sung Park
authorships[4].countries	US
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Jun Sung Park
authorships[4].is_corresponding	True
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5011357759
authorships[5].author.orcid
authorships[5].author.display_name	Kathleen Tong
authorships[5].countries	US
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Kathleen Tong
authorships[5].is_corresponding	True
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5046579694
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3708-2102
authorships[6].author.display_name	Ali Lahooti
authorships[6].countries	US
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05bnh6r87
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	Cornell University
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Ali Lahooti
authorships[6].is_corresponding	True
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5093078016
authorships[7].author.orcid
authorships[7].author.display_name	Nathan Matzko
authorships[7].countries	US
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05bnh6r87
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	Cornell University
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Nathan Matzko
authorships[7].is_corresponding	True
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5048227367
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-4925
authorships[8].author.display_name	Jan Niklas Adams
authorships[8].countries	DE
authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I887968799
authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Process and Data Science, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
authorships[8].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I887968799
authorships[8].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04xfq0f34
authorships[8].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I887968799
authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code	DE
authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name	RWTH Aachen University
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	Jan Niklas Adams
authorships[8].is_corresponding	True
authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Process and Data Science, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5028086525
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4719-7993
authorships[9].author.display_name	Lukas Liß
authorships[9].countries	DE
authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I887968799
authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Process and Data Science, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
authorships[9].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I887968799
authorships[9].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04xfq0f34
authorships[9].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I887968799
authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code	DE
authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name	RWTH Aachen University
authorships[9].author_position	middle
authorships[9].raw_author_name	Lukas Liss
authorships[9].is_corresponding	True
authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Process and Data Science, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
authorships[10].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5062941219
authorships[10].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6844-3047
authorships[10].author.display_name	Justin Quion
authorships[10].countries	US
authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[10].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[10].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/042nb2s44
authorships[10].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
authorships[10].author_position	middle
authorships[10].raw_author_name	Justin Quion
authorships[10].is_corresponding	True
authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[11].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5001264927
authorships[11].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-1957
authorships[11].author.display_name	David Restrepo
authorships[11].countries	US
authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[11].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[11].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/042nb2s44
authorships[11].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
authorships[11].author_position	middle
authorships[11].raw_author_name	David Restrepo
authorships[11].is_corresponding	True
authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[12].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5092415352
authorships[12].author.orcid
authorships[12].author.display_name	Melica Nikahd
authorships[12].countries	US
authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Bioinformatics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[12].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[12].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[12].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[12].author_position	middle
authorships[12].raw_author_name	Melica Nikahd
authorships[12].is_corresponding	True
authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Bioinformatics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[13].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5000077246
authorships[13].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-6426
authorships[13].author.display_name	Stacey Culp
authorships[13].countries	US
authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Bioinformatics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[13].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[13].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[13].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[13].author_position	middle
authorships[13].raw_author_name	Stacey Culp
authorships[13].is_corresponding	True
authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Bioinformatics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[14].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5086036223
authorships[14].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2162-0156
authorships[14].author.display_name	Adam Lacy–Hulbert
authorships[14].countries	US
authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1317886745
authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
authorships[14].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1317886745
authorships[14].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cm2cb35
authorships[14].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1317886745, https://openalex.org/I2802797007, https://openalex.org/I4210118434
authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name	Virginia Mason Medical Center
authorships[14].author_position	middle
authorships[14].raw_author_name	Adam Lacy-Hulbert
authorships[14].is_corresponding	True
authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
authorships[15].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5026392110
authorships[15].author.orcid
authorships[15].author.display_name	Cate Speake
authorships[15].countries	US
authorships[15].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1317886745
authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
authorships[15].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1317886745
authorships[15].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cm2cb35
authorships[15].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[15].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1317886745, https://openalex.org/I2802797007, https://openalex.org/I4210118434
authorships[15].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[15].institutions[0].display_name	Virginia Mason Medical Center
authorships[15].author_position	middle
authorships[15].raw_author_name	Cate Speake
authorships[15].is_corresponding	True
authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
authorships[16].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5108662490
authorships[16].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-5238
authorships[16].author.display_name	James Buxbaum
authorships[16].countries	US
authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1174212
authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
authorships[16].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1174212
authorships[16].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03taz7m60
authorships[16].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1174212
authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name	University of Southern California
authorships[16].author_position	middle
authorships[16].raw_author_name	James Buxbaum
authorships[16].is_corresponding	True
authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
authorships[17].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5080774339
authorships[17].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-130X
authorships[17].author.display_name	Jason J. Bischof
authorships[17].countries	US
authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[17].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[17].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[17].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[17].author_position	middle
authorships[17].raw_author_name	Jason Bischof
authorships[17].is_corresponding	True
authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[18].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5088487852
authorships[18].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-0354
authorships[18].author.display_name	Cemal Yazıcı
authorships[18].countries	US
authorships[18].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I39422238
authorships[18].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
authorships[18].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I39422238
authorships[18].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02mpq6x41
authorships[18].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[18].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I39422238
authorships[18].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[18].institutions[0].display_name	University of Illinois Chicago
authorships[18].author_position	middle
authorships[18].raw_author_name	Cemal Yazici
authorships[18].is_corresponding	True
authorships[18].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
authorships[19].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5116406904
authorships[19].author.orcid
authorships[19].author.display_name	Anna Evans-Phillips
authorships[19].countries	US
authorships[19].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210134769
authorships[19].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
authorships[19].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210134769
authorships[19].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ehecz88
authorships[19].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[19].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210098814, https://openalex.org/I4210134769
authorships[19].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[19].institutions[0].display_name	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
authorships[19].author_position	middle
authorships[19].raw_author_name	Anna Evans-Phillips
authorships[19].is_corresponding	True
authorships[19].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
authorships[20].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5078163228
authorships[20].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-7186
authorships[20].author.display_name	Sophie Terp
authorships[20].countries	US
authorships[20].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1174212
authorships[20].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
authorships[20].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1174212
authorships[20].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03taz7m60
authorships[20].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[20].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1174212
authorships[20].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[20].institutions[0].display_name	University of Southern California
authorships[20].author_position	middle
authorships[20].raw_author_name	Sophie Terp
authorships[20].is_corresponding	True
authorships[20].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
authorships[21].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5046894833
authorships[21].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3350-899X
authorships[21].author.display_name	Alexandra Weissman
authorships[21].countries	US
authorships[21].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210134769
authorships[21].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
authorships[21].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210134769
authorships[21].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ehecz88
authorships[21].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[21].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210098814, https://openalex.org/I4210134769
authorships[21].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[21].institutions[0].display_name	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
authorships[21].author_position	middle
authorships[21].raw_author_name	Alexandra Weissman
authorships[21].is_corresponding	True
authorships[21].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
authorships[22].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5036774311
authorships[22].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-3730
authorships[22].author.display_name	Darwin L. Conwell
authorships[22].countries	US
authorships[22].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I143302722
authorships[22].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
authorships[22].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I143302722
authorships[22].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02k3smh20
authorships[22].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[22].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I143302722
authorships[22].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[22].institutions[0].display_name	University of Kentucky
authorships[22].author_position	middle
authorships[22].raw_author_name	Darwin Conwell
authorships[22].is_corresponding	True
authorships[22].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
authorships[23].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5069874443
authorships[23].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-3926
authorships[23].author.display_name	Philip Hart
authorships[23].countries	US
authorships[23].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[23].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[23].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[23].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[23].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[23].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[23].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[23].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[23].author_position	middle
authorships[23].raw_author_name	Philip Hart
authorships[23].is_corresponding	True
authorships[23].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[24].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5070856467
authorships[24].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-1924
authorships[24].author.display_name	Mitchell L. Ramsey
authorships[24].countries	US
authorships[24].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[24].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[24].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[24].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[24].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[24].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[24].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[24].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[24].author_position	middle
authorships[24].raw_author_name	Mitchell Ramsey
authorships[24].is_corresponding	True
authorships[24].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[25].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5005449102
authorships[25].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-7890
authorships[25].author.display_name	Somashekar G. Krishna
authorships[25].countries	US
authorships[25].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[25].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[25].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[25].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[25].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[25].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[25].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[25].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[25].author_position	middle
authorships[25].raw_author_name	Somashekar Krishna
authorships[25].is_corresponding	True
authorships[25].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[26].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5079103072
authorships[26].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-7984
authorships[26].author.display_name	Samuel Han
authorships[26].countries	US
authorships[26].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[26].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[26].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[26].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[26].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[26].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[26].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[26].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[26].author_position	middle
authorships[26].raw_author_name	Samuel Han
authorships[26].is_corresponding	True
authorships[26].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[27].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5086842343
authorships[27].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2085
authorships[27].author.display_name	Erica Park
authorships[27].countries	US
authorships[27].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[27].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[27].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[27].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[27].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[27].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[27].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[27].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[27].author_position	middle
authorships[27].raw_author_name	Erica Park
authorships[27].is_corresponding	True
authorships[27].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[28].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5005300273
authorships[28].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-4600
authorships[28].author.display_name	Raj Shah
authorships[28].countries	US
authorships[28].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[28].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[28].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[28].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[28].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[28].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[28].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[28].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[28].author_position	middle
authorships[28].raw_author_name	Raj Shah
authorships[28].is_corresponding	True
authorships[28].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[29].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5038843628
authorships[29].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-1951
authorships[29].author.display_name	Venkata S. Akshintala
authorships[29].countries	US
authorships[29].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I145311948, https://openalex.org/I2802697821
authorships[29].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
authorships[29].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802697821
authorships[29].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04pwc8466
authorships[29].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[29].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799853436, https://openalex.org/I2802697821
authorships[29].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[29].institutions[0].display_name	Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
authorships[29].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I145311948
authorships[29].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/00za53h95
authorships[29].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[29].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I145311948
authorships[29].institutions[1].country_code	US
authorships[29].institutions[1].display_name	Johns Hopkins University
authorships[29].author_position	middle
authorships[29].raw_author_name	Venkata Akshintala
authorships[29].is_corresponding	True
authorships[29].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
authorships[30].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5029294938
authorships[30].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-5432
authorships[30].author.display_name	John A. Windsor
authorships[30].countries	NZ
authorships[30].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I154130895
authorships[30].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Surgical and Translational Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
authorships[30].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I154130895
authorships[30].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03b94tp07
authorships[30].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[30].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I154130895
authorships[30].institutions[0].country_code	NZ
authorships[30].institutions[0].display_name	University of Auckland
authorships[30].author_position	middle
authorships[30].raw_author_name	John A. Windsor
authorships[30].is_corresponding	True
authorships[30].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Surgical and Translational Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
authorships[31].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5032018301
authorships[31].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-7416
authorships[31].author.display_name	Nikhil K. Mull
authorships[31].countries	US
authorships[31].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2799810409, https://openalex.org/I4210143392
authorships[31].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Hospital Medicine and Penn Medicine Center for Evidence-based Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
authorships[31].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2799810409
authorships[31].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02917wp91
authorships[31].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[31].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799810409, https://openalex.org/I4210143392
authorships[31].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[31].institutions[0].display_name	Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
authorships[31].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I4210143392
authorships[31].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/04h81rw26
authorships[31].institutions[1].type	healthcare
authorships[31].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210143392
authorships[31].institutions[1].country_code	US
authorships[31].institutions[1].display_name	University of Pennsylvania Health System
authorships[31].author_position	middle
authorships[31].raw_author_name	Nikhil K. Mull
authorships[31].is_corresponding	True
authorships[31].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Hospital Medicine and Penn Medicine Center for Evidence-based Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
authorships[32].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5054344573
authorships[32].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-0222
authorships[32].author.display_name	Georgios Papachristou
authorships[32].countries	US
authorships[32].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[32].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[32].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[32].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[32].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[32].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[32].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[32].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[32].author_position	middle
authorships[32].raw_author_name	Georgios Papachristou
authorships[32].is_corresponding	True
authorships[32].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[33].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5031401755
authorships[33].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-6626
authorships[33].author.display_name	Leo Anthony Celi
authorships[33].countries	US
authorships[33].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Critical Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[33].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[33].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[33].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[33].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/042nb2s44
authorships[33].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[33].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I63966007
authorships[33].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[33].institutions[0].display_name	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
authorships[33].author_position	middle
authorships[33].raw_author_name	Leo Anthony Celi
authorships[33].is_corresponding	True
authorships[33].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Critical Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
authorships[34].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5107410500
authorships[34].author.orcid
authorships[34].author.display_name	Peter Lee
authorships[34].countries	US
authorships[34].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[34].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
authorships[34].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[34].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00c01js51
authorships[34].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[34].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2802841970
authorships[34].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[34].institutions[0].display_name	The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
authorships[34].author_position	last
authorships[34].raw_author_name	Peter Lee
authorships[34].is_corresponding	True
authorships[34].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	A systematic review of machine learning-based prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: Towards improving methods and reporting quality
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-23T05:10:03.516525
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10760
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	1.0
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2746
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Surgery
primary_topic.display_name	Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2988302981, https://openalex.org/W2116225643, https://openalex.org/W2767082141, https://openalex.org/W2788406885, https://openalex.org/W2901124172, https://openalex.org/W3120069157, https://openalex.org/W4239481235, https://openalex.org/W4220756738, https://openalex.org/W4296714270, https://openalex.org/W4401834629
cited_by_count	4
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	4
locations_count	4
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S197939330
best_oa_location.source.issn	1549-1277, 1549-1676
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	1549-1277
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
best_oa_location.source.display_name	PLoS Medicine
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310315706
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Public Library of Science
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310315706
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Public Library of Science
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	PLOS Medicine
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
primary_location.id	doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S197939330
primary_location.source.issn	1549-1277, 1549-1676
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	1549-1277
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
primary_location.source.display_name	PLoS Medicine
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310315706
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Public Library of Science
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310315706
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Public Library of Science
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432&type=printable
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	PLOS Medicine
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432
publication_date	2025-02-24
publication_year	2025
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2467895892, https://openalex.org/W3134327007, https://openalex.org/W2947233445, https://openalex.org/W2145758369, https://openalex.org/W2130362571, https://openalex.org/W2759389349, https://openalex.org/W2902245307, https://openalex.org/W2147227928, https://openalex.org/W2948505953, https://openalex.org/W2947617969, https://openalex.org/W2897948228, https://openalex.org/W2897241983, https://openalex.org/W2122093139, https://openalex.org/W2109057101, https://openalex.org/W4390512161, https://openalex.org/W4323320185, https://openalex.org/W2929110666, https://openalex.org/W4387077760, https://openalex.org/W2058328949, https://openalex.org/W2051404519, https://openalex.org/W2936573766, https://openalex.org/W3211527358, https://openalex.org/W3159104439, https://openalex.org/W2893821470, https://openalex.org/W4362636489, https://openalex.org/W4309944697, https://openalex.org/W4327748010, https://openalex.org/W4393393189, https://openalex.org/W2745718158, https://openalex.org/W4295754069, https://openalex.org/W4287836498, https://openalex.org/W4205632057, https://openalex.org/W4280517228, https://openalex.org/W3177783876, https://openalex.org/W4200370552, https://openalex.org/W2811115492, https://openalex.org/W4284974349, https://openalex.org/W2019982728, https://openalex.org/W2172206840, https://openalex.org/W2077663753, https://openalex.org/W2907554860, https://openalex.org/W4394857110, https://openalex.org/W3126598488, https://openalex.org/W3123314692, https://openalex.org/W3157854682, https://openalex.org/W3139124151, https://openalex.org/W4295185371, https://openalex.org/W4282007698, https://openalex.org/W4313367445, https://openalex.org/W4285736573, https://openalex.org/W4280616075, https://openalex.org/W4281929909, https://openalex.org/W4377140787, https://openalex.org/W4223481503, https://openalex.org/W3206201152, https://openalex.org/W4308875884, https://openalex.org/W4224276946, https://openalex.org/W4280639575, https://openalex.org/W4281827599, https://openalex.org/W4310363145, https://openalex.org/W4284962591, https://openalex.org/W4382343945, https://openalex.org/W4387669080, https://openalex.org/W4317373335, https://openalex.org/W4319968104, https://openalex.org/W4388818435, https://openalex.org/W4386846568, https://openalex.org/W4321498071, https://openalex.org/W4360826378, https://openalex.org/W4368375589, https://openalex.org/W4318826409, https://openalex.org/W4388517949, https://openalex.org/W3093512442, https://openalex.org/W1602160603, https://openalex.org/W3196085321, https://openalex.org/W4220839569, https://openalex.org/W2019694480, https://openalex.org/W4229064320, https://openalex.org/W3012413426, https://openalex.org/W4403420201, https://openalex.org/W4392283037, https://openalex.org/W4225527522
referenced_works_count	82
abstract_inverted_index..	54
abstract_inverted_index.a	21, 79, 99, 213, 270, 284
abstract_inverted_index.27	229
abstract_inverted_index.30	249, 267
abstract_inverted_index.39	287, 329
abstract_inverted_index.AP	94, 106, 159, 291, 437
abstract_inverted_index.An	1
abstract_inverted_index.In	69
abstract_inverted_index.ML	75, 93, 105, 154, 238, 272, 281, 289, 432
abstract_inverted_index.We	121
abstract_inverted_index.an	162, 165, 279
abstract_inverted_index.at	323
abstract_inverted_index.be	233
abstract_inverted_index.if	172
abstract_inverted_index.in	43, 74, 156, 176, 181, 235, 327, 347, 353, 358, 404, 424, 436
abstract_inverted_index.is	5, 24
abstract_inverted_index.of	86, 90, 167, 184, 189, 199, 204, 212, 217, 247, 286, 429, 446, 453
abstract_inverted_index.on	372
abstract_inverted_index.or	144, 149, 152, 220, 294, 401
abstract_inverted_index.to	7, 15, 38, 277, 342, 351
abstract_inverted_index.we	77, 103, 193
abstract_inverted_index.(SD	316
abstract_inverted_index.AP.	44, 168
abstract_inverted_index.All	266
abstract_inverted_index.Due	350
abstract_inverted_index.For	187
abstract_inverted_index.ROB	319
abstract_inverted_index.The	241, 303, 318
abstract_inverted_index.aid	8
abstract_inverted_index.all	142, 310, 328
abstract_inverted_index.and	14, 47, 57, 66, 88, 112, 118, 128, 136, 180, 263, 274, 312, 357, 364, 385, 414, 427, 444
abstract_inverted_index.are	35, 60, 421
abstract_inverted_index.for	26, 62, 130, 228, 309, 322, 332
abstract_inverted_index.has	50
abstract_inverted_index.how	359
abstract_inverted_index.met	250
abstract_inverted_index.new	151, 271, 288
abstract_inverted_index.not	340, 368
abstract_inverted_index.one	325
abstract_inverted_index.the	84, 109, 177, 182, 195, 209, 251, 259, 298, 307, 333, 354, 360, 425, 441
abstract_inverted_index.was	170, 174, 206, 314, 320, 367
abstract_inverted_index.(4),	262
abstract_inverted_index.(4).	265
abstract_inverted_index.(ML)	33
abstract_inverted_index.0.91	315
abstract_inverted_index.2021	117, 135
abstract_inverted_index.7/30	381
abstract_inverted_index.Bias	200
abstract_inverted_index.Risk	198
abstract_inverted_index.also	122
abstract_inverted_index.area	305
abstract_inverted_index.bias	190
abstract_inverted_index.data	388, 403, 417
abstract_inverted_index.from	108, 256, 376
abstract_inverted_index.high	321
abstract_inverted_index.mean	304
abstract_inverted_index.most	299
abstract_inverted_index.none	275
abstract_inverted_index.only	373, 380
abstract_inverted_index.risk	188
abstract_inverted_index.size	384
abstract_inverted_index.such	20
abstract_inverted_index.that	147, 160, 225, 231
abstract_inverted_index.tool	4, 23
abstract_inverted_index.type	183
abstract_inverted_index.used	37, 194
abstract_inverted_index.were	297, 339, 362
abstract_inverted_index.with	71, 158, 379
abstract_inverted_index.(22),	258
abstract_inverted_index.(AP).	29
abstract_inverted_index.(ROB)	191
abstract_inverted_index.13/30	386
abstract_inverted_index.15/27	374
abstract_inverted_index.2023.	120, 138
abstract_inverted_index.27/39	348
abstract_inverted_index.6,480	245
abstract_inverted_index.China	257
abstract_inverted_index.Model	197, 216
abstract_inverted_index.Other	390
abstract_inverted_index.Steps	338
abstract_inverted_index.There	420
abstract_inverted_index.These	439
abstract_inverted_index.Tool.	202
abstract_inverted_index.Using	98
abstract_inverted_index.acute	27
abstract_inverted_index.arXiv	129
abstract_inverted_index.based	433
abstract_inverted_index.being	36
abstract_inverted_index.codes	409
abstract_inverted_index.curve	308
abstract_inverted_index.items	230, 375
abstract_inverted_index.least	324
abstract_inverted_index.model	63, 273, 345
abstract_inverted_index.other	264
abstract_inverted_index.study	58, 178, 355, 411
abstract_inverted_index.taken	341
abstract_inverted_index.their	451
abstract_inverted_index.there	173
abstract_inverted_index.these	447
abstract_inverted_index.total	285
abstract_inverted_index.under	306
abstract_inverted_index.using	208, 237
abstract_inverted_index.which	248
abstract_inverted_index.(37/39	336
abstract_inverted_index.(6/39)	296
abstract_inverted_index.(e.g.,	11
abstract_inverted_index.0.08).	317
abstract_inverted_index.EMBASE	113
abstract_inverted_index.States	261
abstract_inverted_index.United	260
abstract_inverted_index.common	300
abstract_inverted_index.design	179, 356
abstract_inverted_index.domain	326, 335
abstract_inverted_index.little	52
abstract_inverted_index.model,	282
abstract_inverted_index.models	42, 155, 311, 435, 449
abstract_inverted_index.review	81
abstract_inverted_index.sample	383
abstract_inverted_index.search	101, 242
abstract_inverted_index.should	232
abstract_inverted_index.sought	276
abstract_inverted_index.source	416
abstract_inverted_index.(23/39)	293
abstract_inverted_index.January	116, 134
abstract_inverted_index.MEDLINE	111
abstract_inverted_index.Quality	203
abstract_inverted_index.Studies	254, 370
abstract_inverted_index.advance	16
abstract_inverted_index.between	115, 133
abstract_inverted_index.content	72
abstract_inverted_index.defined	363
abstract_inverted_index.defines	226
abstract_inverted_index.despite	450
abstract_inverted_index.develop	39
abstract_inverted_index.episode	166
abstract_inverted_index.experts	73
abstract_inverted_index.lacking	25
abstract_inverted_index.machine	31
abstract_inverted_index.models,	330
abstract_inverted_index.models.	96, 240, 290, 349
abstract_inverted_index.outcome	163, 185
abstract_inverted_index.patient	12
abstract_inverted_index.promise	452
abstract_inverted_index.quality	49, 85
abstract_inverted_index.servers	125
abstract_inverted_index.sharing	407
abstract_inverted_index.studies	107, 146, 268
abstract_inverted_index.triage)	13
abstract_inverted_index.(19/30).	418
abstract_inverted_index.(25/30),	410, 413
abstract_inverted_index.(27/30),	406
abstract_inverted_index.(28/30),	398
abstract_inverted_index.December	119, 137
abstract_inverted_index.However,	19, 45
abstract_inverted_index.Registry	459
abstract_inverted_index.Research	458
abstract_inverted_index.accurate	2
abstract_inverted_index.analysis	334
abstract_inverted_index.assessed	207
abstract_inverted_index.bioRxiv,	127
abstract_inverted_index.clinical	9, 67
abstract_inverted_index.criteria	140
abstract_inverted_index.critical	61
abstract_inverted_index.existing	153, 280
abstract_inverted_index.handling	399
abstract_inverted_index.included	141, 393
abstract_inverted_index.learning	32
abstract_inverted_index.medRxiv,	126
abstract_inverted_index.minimize	343
abstract_inverted_index.models).	337
abstract_inverted_index.outcomes	301, 361
abstract_inverted_index.patients	157
abstract_inverted_index.practice	405
abstract_inverted_index.quality.	389
abstract_inverted_index.received	51
abstract_inverted_index.recently	91, 430
abstract_inverted_index.reported	234, 371
abstract_inverted_index.searched	123
abstract_inverted_index.severity	292
abstract_inverted_index.strategy	243
abstract_inverted_index.superior	454
abstract_inverted_index.validate	278
abstract_inverted_index.Prognosis	219
abstract_inverted_index.Reporting	211
abstract_inverted_index.TRIPOD+AI	377
abstract_inverted_index.accuracy.	456
abstract_inverted_index.assessing	387
abstract_inverted_index.attention	53
abstract_inverted_index.criteria.	253
abstract_inverted_index.databases	110
abstract_inverted_index.developed	148, 269
abstract_inverted_index.endpoints	313
abstract_inverted_index.essential	6
abstract_inverted_index.following	164
abstract_inverted_index.medicine.	18
abstract_inverted_index.mortality	295
abstract_inverted_index.omissions	394
abstract_inverted_index.patients.	438
abstract_inverted_index.performed	78
abstract_inverted_index.pre-print	124
abstract_inverted_index.predicted	161
abstract_inverted_index.producing	283
abstract_inverted_index.protocols	412
abstract_inverted_index.published	92, 114, 431
abstract_inverted_index.regarding	395
abstract_inverted_index.reporting	48, 56, 89, 205, 391, 415, 428
abstract_inverted_index.standards	227
abstract_inverted_index.statement	224
abstract_inverted_index.strategy,	102
abstract_inverted_index.undermine	440
abstract_inverted_index.validated	100, 150
abstract_inverted_index.validity,	64, 442
abstract_inverted_index.Assessment	201
abstract_inverted_index.Background	0
abstract_inverted_index.Individual	218
abstract_inverted_index.Prediction	196, 215
abstract_inverted_index.analytical	408
abstract_inverted_index.appraising	83
abstract_inverted_index.considered	171
abstract_inverted_index.critically	82
abstract_inverted_index.human–AI	396
abstract_inverted_index.identified	104, 244
abstract_inverted_index.incomplete	402
abstract_inverted_index.justifying	382
abstract_inverted_index.originated	255
abstract_inverted_index.performed.	369
abstract_inverted_index.pre-prints	131
abstract_inverted_index.predicted.	186, 302
abstract_inverted_index.predictive	455
abstract_inverted_index.prognostic	3, 22, 41, 95, 239, 434, 448
abstract_inverted_index.registered	132
abstract_inverted_index.standards,	378
abstract_inverted_index.systematic	80
abstract_inverted_index.techniques	34
abstract_inverted_index.(TRIPOD+AI)	223
abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions	419
abstract_inverted_index.Eligibility	139
abstract_inverted_index.Transparent	210
abstract_inverted_index.assessment,	192
abstract_inverted_index.determined,	365
abstract_inverted_index.eligibility	252
abstract_inverted_index.homogeneity	175
abstract_inverted_index.interaction	397
abstract_inverted_index.low-quality	400
abstract_inverted_index.methodology	59, 87, 426
abstract_inverted_index.performance	346
abstract_inverted_index.prospective	145
abstract_inverted_index.significant	422
abstract_inverted_index.High-quality	55
abstract_inverted_index.Increasingly	30
abstract_inverted_index.Intelligence	222
abstract_inverted_index.Registration	457
abstract_inverted_index.deficiencies	392, 423
abstract_inverted_index.methodologic	46
abstract_inverted_index.methodology,	76
abstract_inverted_index.pancreatitis	28
abstract_inverted_index.particularly	331
abstract_inverted_index.personalized	17
abstract_inverted_index.publications	236, 246
abstract_inverted_index.Meta-analysis	169
abstract_inverted_index.Multivariable	214
abstract_inverted_index.collaboration	70
abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity	352
abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis	366
abstract_inverted_index.retrospective	143
abstract_inverted_index.implementation	445
abstract_inverted_index.decision-making	10
abstract_inverted_index.high-performing	40
abstract_inverted_index.implementation.	68
abstract_inverted_index.over-optimistic	344
abstract_inverted_index.Methods/findings	97
abstract_inverted_index.reproducibility,	65, 443
abstract_inverted_index.(reviewregistry1727)	460
abstract_inverted_index.Diagnosis—Artificial	221
cited_by_percentile_year.max	98
cited_by_percentile_year.min	97
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5046894833, https://openalex.org/A5102993043, https://openalex.org/A5028086525, https://openalex.org/A5005300273, https://openalex.org/A5046107301, https://openalex.org/A5031401755, https://openalex.org/A5092415352, https://openalex.org/A5116406904, https://openalex.org/A5048227367, https://openalex.org/A5062941219, https://openalex.org/A5080774339, https://openalex.org/A5032018301, https://openalex.org/A5093078016, https://openalex.org/A5054344573, https://openalex.org/A5086036223, https://openalex.org/A5036774311, https://openalex.org/A5107410500, https://openalex.org/A5013734822, https://openalex.org/A5011357759, https://openalex.org/A5082251174, https://openalex.org/A5058260799, https://openalex.org/A5038843628, https://openalex.org/A5108662490, https://openalex.org/A5001264927, https://openalex.org/A5005449102, https://openalex.org/A5026392110, https://openalex.org/A5029294938, https://openalex.org/A5086842343, https://openalex.org/A5078163228, https://openalex.org/A5070856467, https://openalex.org/A5000077246, https://openalex.org/A5079103072, https://openalex.org/A5088487852, https://openalex.org/A5069874443, https://openalex.org/A5046579694
countries_distinct_count	3
institutions_distinct_count	35
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1174212, https://openalex.org/I1317886745, https://openalex.org/I143302722, https://openalex.org/I145311948, https://openalex.org/I154130895, https://openalex.org/I205783295, https://openalex.org/I2799810409, https://openalex.org/I2802697821, https://openalex.org/I2802841970, https://openalex.org/I39422238, https://openalex.org/I4210134769, https://openalex.org/I4210143392, https://openalex.org/I63966007, https://openalex.org/I887968799, https://openalex.org/I95240055
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.47999998927116394
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Good health and well-being
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.98633214
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	True
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True