A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2 Article Swipe

PDF

Gary Marcus , Ernest Davis , Scott Aaronson ·

YOU? · · 2022 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.13807

The DALL-E 2 system generates original synthetic images corresponding to an input text as caption. We report here on the outcome of fourteen tests of this system designed to assess its common sense, reasoning and ability to understand complex texts. All of our prompts were intentionally much more challenging than the typical ones that have been showcased in recent weeks. Nevertheless, for 5 out of the 14 prompts, at least one of the ten images fully satisfied our requests. On the other hand, on no prompt did all of the ten images satisfy our requests.

Related Topics

Computer Science

Artificial Intelligence

Mathematics

Concepts

Outcome (game theory) Computer science Artificial intelligence Mathematics Mathematical economics

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13807
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807
OA Status: green
Cited By: 88
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4225314275

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4225314275

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.13807

Digital Object Identifier
Title: A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2022

Year of publication
Publication date: 2022-04-25

Full publication date if available
Authors: Gary Marcus, Ernest Davis, Scott Aaronson

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13807

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Outcome (game theory), Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Mathematics, Mathematical economics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 88

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 8, 2024: 26, 2023: 44, 2022: 9, 2021: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4225314275
doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.13807
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.13807
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4225314275
fwci	0.0
type	preprint
title	A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10601
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[0].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[0].score	0.9961000084877014
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
topics[0].display_name	Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10181
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.993399977684021
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[1].display_name	Natural Language Processing Techniques
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T13523
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[2].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[2].score	0.9728000164031982
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1703
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Computational Theory and Mathematics
topics[2].display_name	Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C148220186
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.5833771824836731
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912
concepts[0].display_name	Outcome (game theory)
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[1].level	0
concepts[1].score	0.5650995373725891
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[1].display_name	Computer science
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[2].level	1
concepts[2].score	0.4323664903640747
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[2].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[3].level	0
concepts[3].score	0.16798517107963562
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[3].display_name	Mathematics
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C144237770
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.0733991265296936
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534
concepts[4].display_name	Mathematical economics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome
keywords[0].score	0.5833771824836731
keywords[0].display_name	Outcome (game theory)
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[1].score	0.5650995373725891
keywords[1].display_name	Computer science
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[2].score	0.4323664903640747
keywords[2].display_name	Artificial intelligence
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[3].score	0.16798517107963562
keywords[3].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics
keywords[4].score	0.0733991265296936
keywords[4].display_name	Mathematical economics
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.13807
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	text
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13807
locations[1].id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2204.13807
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	True
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published
locations[1].raw_source_name
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.13807
indexed_in	arxiv, datacite
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5110126701
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	Gary Marcus
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Marcus, Gary
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5010452641
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-817X
authorships[1].author.display_name	Ernest Davis
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Davis, Ernest
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5020769134
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Scott Aaronson
authorships[2].author_position	last
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Aaronson, Scott
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10601
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
primary_topic.field.display_name	Computer Science
primary_topic.score	0.9961000084877014
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
primary_topic.display_name	Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques
related_works	https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2978999882, https://openalex.org/W2390279801, https://openalex.org/W2358668433, https://openalex.org/W2376932109, https://openalex.org/W2001405890, https://openalex.org/W2382290278, https://openalex.org/W3141031773, https://openalex.org/W2478288626
cited_by_count	88
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	8
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	26
counts_by_year[2].year	2023
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	44
counts_by_year[3].year	2022
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	9
counts_by_year[4].year	2021
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.13807
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	text
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13807
primary_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.13807
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13807
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	text
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.13807
publication_date	2022-04-25
publication_year	2022
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.2	2
abstract_inverted_index.5	62
abstract_inverted_index.14	66
abstract_inverted_index.On	79
abstract_inverted_index.We	15
abstract_inverted_index.an	10
abstract_inverted_index.as	13
abstract_inverted_index.at	68
abstract_inverted_index.in	57
abstract_inverted_index.no	84
abstract_inverted_index.of	21, 24, 41, 64, 71, 88
abstract_inverted_index.on	18, 83
abstract_inverted_index.to	9, 28, 36
abstract_inverted_index.All	40
abstract_inverted_index.The	0
abstract_inverted_index.all	87
abstract_inverted_index.and	34
abstract_inverted_index.did	86
abstract_inverted_index.for	61
abstract_inverted_index.its	30
abstract_inverted_index.one	70
abstract_inverted_index.our	42, 77, 93
abstract_inverted_index.out	63
abstract_inverted_index.ten	73, 90
abstract_inverted_index.the	19, 50, 65, 72, 80, 89
abstract_inverted_index.been	55
abstract_inverted_index.have	54
abstract_inverted_index.here	17
abstract_inverted_index.more	47
abstract_inverted_index.much	46
abstract_inverted_index.ones	52
abstract_inverted_index.text	12
abstract_inverted_index.than	49
abstract_inverted_index.that	53
abstract_inverted_index.this	25
abstract_inverted_index.were	44
abstract_inverted_index.fully	75
abstract_inverted_index.hand,	82
abstract_inverted_index.input	11
abstract_inverted_index.least	69
abstract_inverted_index.other	81
abstract_inverted_index.tests	23
abstract_inverted_index.DALL-E	1
abstract_inverted_index.assess	29
abstract_inverted_index.common	31
abstract_inverted_index.images	7, 74, 91
abstract_inverted_index.prompt	85
abstract_inverted_index.recent	58
abstract_inverted_index.report	16
abstract_inverted_index.sense,	32
abstract_inverted_index.system	3, 26
abstract_inverted_index.texts.	39
abstract_inverted_index.weeks.	59
abstract_inverted_index.ability	35
abstract_inverted_index.complex	38
abstract_inverted_index.outcome	20
abstract_inverted_index.prompts	43
abstract_inverted_index.satisfy	92
abstract_inverted_index.typical	51
abstract_inverted_index.caption.	14
abstract_inverted_index.designed	27
abstract_inverted_index.fourteen	22
abstract_inverted_index.original	5
abstract_inverted_index.prompts,	67
abstract_inverted_index.generates	4
abstract_inverted_index.reasoning	33
abstract_inverted_index.requests.	78, 94
abstract_inverted_index.satisfied	76
abstract_inverted_index.showcased	56
abstract_inverted_index.synthetic	6
abstract_inverted_index.understand	37
abstract_inverted_index.challenging	48
abstract_inverted_index.Nevertheless,	60
abstract_inverted_index.corresponding	8
abstract_inverted_index.intentionally	45
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	3
citation_normalized_percentile