Activation methods and underlying performance boosting mechanisms within fuel cell catalyst layer Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been widely acknowledged as a significant advancement in achieving sustainable energy conversion. However, the activation of newly established Pt-ionomer interfaces in the catalyst layer of PEMFCs can be a time-consuming and costly process to ensure proper coupling and performance. In order to gain valuable insights into this crucial activation process, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the commonly employed on-line (such as current or voltage control activation, short-circuiting activation, and air interruption activation) and off-line (including boiling or steaming, acid-treatment, and ultrasonic-treatment) activation methods. Our findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to enhanced performance within the catalyst layer, such as the reduction of Pt oxides and hydroxides, improved proton transport, and the reduction of “dead” regions. Moreover, this review emphasizes the significant challenges and future opportunities that lie in further enhancing the performance within the catalyst layer through the activation process.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 42
- References
- 187
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4392578352
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4392578352Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Activation methods and underlying performance boosting mechanisms within fuel cell catalyst layerWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-03-08Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Miao Ma, Lixiao Shen, Zigang Zhao, Pan Guo, Jing Liu, Bin Xu, Ziyu Zhang, Yunlong Zhang, Lei Zhao, Zhen‐Bo WangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Catalysis, Materials science, Boosting (machine learning), Activation energy, Layer (electronics), Nanotechnology, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Computer science, Engineering, Machine learning, Biochemistry, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
42Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 33, 2024: 9Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
187Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4392578352 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4392578352 |
| fwci | 7.71024718 |
| type | article |
| title | Activation methods and underlying performance boosting mechanisms within fuel cell catalyst layer |
| biblio.issue | 6 |
| biblio.volume | 4 |
| biblio.last_page | 100254 |
| biblio.first_page | 100254 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10030 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Energy |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2105 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment |
| topics[0].display_name | Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10409 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 1.0 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Fuel Cells and Related Materials |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11690 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced battery technologies research |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1000 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1000 |
| apc_paid.value | 1000 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1000 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C132319479 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7620732188224792 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C161790260 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6439131498336792 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Catalysis |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5161195993423462 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C46686674 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.49825143814086914 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Boosting (machine learning) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C95121573 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.44528666138648987 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190474 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Activation energy |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779227376 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.41837871074676514 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Layer (electronics) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.3488411605358124 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3292480707168579 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3195054829120636 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.24432656168937683 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.140056312084198 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C119857082 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Machine learning |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7620732188224792 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6439131498336792 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Catalysis |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5161195993423462 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting |
| keywords[3].score | 0.49825143814086914 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Boosting (machine learning) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-energy |
| keywords[4].score | 0.44528666138648987 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Activation energy |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/layer |
| keywords[5].score | 0.41837871074676514 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Layer (electronics) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.3488411605358124 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3292480707168579 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3195054829120636 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[9].score | 0.24432656168937683 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[10].score | 0.140056312084198 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210209524 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2667-1417 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2667-1417 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | eScience |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | eScience |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f15a679856734cdb9b3578720e1777ff |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | eScience, Vol 4, Iss 6, Pp 100254- (2024) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/f15a679856734cdb9b3578720e1777ff |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112234397 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2511-693X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Miao Ma |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Miao Ma |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072191547 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Lixiao Shen |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I180726961 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I180726961 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01vy4gh70 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I180726961 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Shenzhen University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Lixiao Shen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040641456 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Zigang Zhao |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I151727225 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I151727225 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03x80pn82 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I151727225 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Engineering University |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Zigang Zhao |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5090993474 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9118-2819 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Pan Guo |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Pan Guo |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100375090 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-2360 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Jing Liu |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unipower Hydrogen Technology (Jiangsu) Corporation, No. 625, Wujin East Avenue, Wujin District, Changzhou 213176, China |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I151727225 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I151727225 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03x80pn82 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I151727225 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Engineering University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Jing Liu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China, Unipower Hydrogen Technology (Jiangsu) Corporation, No. 625, Wujin East Avenue, Wujin District, Changzhou 213176, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034160831 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-8929 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Bin Xu |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unipower Hydrogen Technology (Jiangsu) Corporation, No. 625, Wujin East Avenue, Wujin District, Changzhou 213176, China |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Bin Xu |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Unipower Hydrogen Technology (Jiangsu) Corporation, No. 625, Wujin East Avenue, Wujin District, Changzhou 213176, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100706052 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0898-2988 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Ziyu Zhang |
| authorships[6].countries | CN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Ziyu Zhang |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5104228120 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5451-2461 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Yunlong Zhang |
| authorships[7].countries | CN |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Yunlong Zhang |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041921255 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-393X |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Lei Zhao |
| authorships[8].countries | CN |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Lei Zhao |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016059098 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-1481 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Zhen‐Bo Wang |
| authorships[9].countries | CN |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yqg2h08 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Harbin Institute of Technology |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Zhenbo Wang |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Activation methods and underlying performance boosting mechanisms within fuel cell catalyst layer |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10030 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Energy |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2105 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment |
| primary_topic.display_name | Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2125652721, https://openalex.org/W2942800108, https://openalex.org/W1540371141, https://openalex.org/W4231274751, https://openalex.org/W1549363203, https://openalex.org/W2154063878, https://openalex.org/W172904397, https://openalex.org/W2556012038, https://openalex.org/W1489772951, https://openalex.org/W1538046993 |
| cited_by_count | 42 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 33 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 9 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210209524 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2667-1417 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2667-1417 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | eScience |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | eScience |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210209524 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2667-1417 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2667-1417 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | eScience |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | eScience |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2024.100254 |
| publication_date | 2024-03-08 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4386069040, https://openalex.org/W4386195383, https://openalex.org/W4309288448, https://openalex.org/W4319663596, https://openalex.org/W6856655316, https://openalex.org/W2056056428, https://openalex.org/W3144230571, https://openalex.org/W2588315284, https://openalex.org/W2023721019, https://openalex.org/W2074697603, https://openalex.org/W2094822758, https://openalex.org/W2148670978, https://openalex.org/W2036578985, https://openalex.org/W2013923074, https://openalex.org/W1980552900, https://openalex.org/W1981084780, https://openalex.org/W2510280720, https://openalex.org/W2267655721, https://openalex.org/W2062746604, https://openalex.org/W2016434720, https://openalex.org/W4308372805, https://openalex.org/W4285403622, https://openalex.org/W2024869447, https://openalex.org/W2202011182, https://openalex.org/W1964029015, https://openalex.org/W2126224336, https://openalex.org/W1970912848, https://openalex.org/W1964072945, https://openalex.org/W4362660310, https://openalex.org/W2010283227, https://openalex.org/W2075051064, https://openalex.org/W1984777671, https://openalex.org/W2067551278, https://openalex.org/W2000360402, https://openalex.org/W2622415679, https://openalex.org/W2075209302, https://openalex.org/W2077315795, https://openalex.org/W2131259942, https://openalex.org/W1969670459, https://openalex.org/W2086949658, https://openalex.org/W1982057754, https://openalex.org/W1968001546, https://openalex.org/W2923537754, https://openalex.org/W1974629903, https://openalex.org/W431451400, https://openalex.org/W3029820768, https://openalex.org/W2068228549, https://openalex.org/W2208903200, https://openalex.org/W2099386213, https://openalex.org/W4285585341, https://openalex.org/W3012285945, https://openalex.org/W6777591354, https://openalex.org/W2556364235, https://openalex.org/W6794697964, https://openalex.org/W2017646343, https://openalex.org/W2006030564, https://openalex.org/W2019137887, https://openalex.org/W1990607829, https://openalex.org/W4200255834, https://openalex.org/W2372806878, https://openalex.org/W2032914059, https://openalex.org/W4319302941, https://openalex.org/W4312156852, https://openalex.org/W4311689700, https://openalex.org/W4281387901, https://openalex.org/W4224438323, https://openalex.org/W2780235819, https://openalex.org/W2079801478, https://openalex.org/W2023950511, https://openalex.org/W2133701226, https://openalex.org/W1965410370, https://openalex.org/W4386441466, https://openalex.org/W2007835528, https://openalex.org/W833502769, https://openalex.org/W2312924022, https://openalex.org/W2767694521, https://openalex.org/W2044191369, https://openalex.org/W2065414271, https://openalex.org/W2149467519, https://openalex.org/W2483244233, https://openalex.org/W4384203652, https://openalex.org/W1983259340, https://openalex.org/W1967987782, https://openalex.org/W3130506134, https://openalex.org/W4283588388, https://openalex.org/W4281647845, https://openalex.org/W4311630014, https://openalex.org/W2983297728, https://openalex.org/W2041668761, https://openalex.org/W1964430621, https://openalex.org/W1982163464, https://openalex.org/W2961575260, https://openalex.org/W2022371352, https://openalex.org/W2150088064, https://openalex.org/W2531852139, https://openalex.org/W2961091236, https://openalex.org/W4386834994, https://openalex.org/W4214623720, https://openalex.org/W4387141349, https://openalex.org/W4384914548, https://openalex.org/W2800628661, https://openalex.org/W2775139247, https://openalex.org/W2949600201, https://openalex.org/W2790846111, https://openalex.org/W2745049617, https://openalex.org/W4385336158, https://openalex.org/W2082971848, https://openalex.org/W2094599425, https://openalex.org/W2007718358, https://openalex.org/W2006563206, https://openalex.org/W4210892808, https://openalex.org/W2010937881, https://openalex.org/W2313084356, https://openalex.org/W2076267507, https://openalex.org/W2790706469, https://openalex.org/W2899215823, https://openalex.org/W2774890439, https://openalex.org/W3031530956, https://openalex.org/W2786821709, https://openalex.org/W2165972721, https://openalex.org/W2513578460, https://openalex.org/W3164134960, https://openalex.org/W3135913703, https://openalex.org/W2068171670, https://openalex.org/W4224280985, https://openalex.org/W4283511912, https://openalex.org/W3016920194, https://openalex.org/W4214707327, https://openalex.org/W2975041694, https://openalex.org/W3089663900, https://openalex.org/W2148004188, https://openalex.org/W1963904159, https://openalex.org/W2057215517, https://openalex.org/W2123746771, https://openalex.org/W2580954066, https://openalex.org/W2094255943, https://openalex.org/W2080071252, https://openalex.org/W2083925569, https://openalex.org/W2069220317, https://openalex.org/W2015110366, https://openalex.org/W4361190282, https://openalex.org/W2085984360, https://openalex.org/W1972585338, https://openalex.org/W2085872790, https://openalex.org/W1996613237, https://openalex.org/W2129766605, https://openalex.org/W2078184681, https://openalex.org/W1990453743, https://openalex.org/W1988422679, https://openalex.org/W4385437047, https://openalex.org/W1966207134, https://openalex.org/W4293014384, https://openalex.org/W4281396639, https://openalex.org/W2181868318, https://openalex.org/W2315337888, https://openalex.org/W1994610672, https://openalex.org/W4385654837, https://openalex.org/W2113522375, https://openalex.org/W2322809311, https://openalex.org/W2004900637, https://openalex.org/W2023407706, https://openalex.org/W3215842714, https://openalex.org/W1982801472, https://openalex.org/W3049274318, https://openalex.org/W4376507827, https://openalex.org/W1965396142, https://openalex.org/W2762646254, https://openalex.org/W2791718276, https://openalex.org/W3167623917, https://openalex.org/W2132404443, https://openalex.org/W2885973654, https://openalex.org/W2526216926, https://openalex.org/W2214452860, https://openalex.org/W2419237427, https://openalex.org/W2097985718, https://openalex.org/W2811364479, https://openalex.org/W4377090447, https://openalex.org/W4220728474, https://openalex.org/W3131063971, https://openalex.org/W3210523021, https://openalex.org/W2799287571, https://openalex.org/W3118961863, https://openalex.org/W6801653095, https://openalex.org/W4386851319, https://openalex.org/W3201179515, https://openalex.org/W3029407448, https://openalex.org/W3159679980 |
| referenced_works_count | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 11, 35, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pt | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 10, 71, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 14, 27, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 22, 31, 65, 115, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 73, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 40, 48, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 37, 44, 63, 79, 83, 90, 118, 123, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lie | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 20, 28, 66, 99, 108, 113, 124, 133, 144, 147, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuel | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gain | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 6, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shed | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 102, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 53, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(such | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 30, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.newly | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PEMFCs | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Proton | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.costly | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxides | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proper | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proton | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 107, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boiling | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on-line | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voltage | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PEMFCs) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.catalyst | 29, 109, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commonly | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exchange | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.membrane | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods. | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.off-line | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process. | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions. | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valuable | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 114, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steaming, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(including | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pt-ionomer | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activation | 21, 55, 92, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasizes | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interfaces | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transport, | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“dead” | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activation) | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activation, | 76, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advancement | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conversion. | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydroxides, | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 106, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 12, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acknowledged | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interruption | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opportunities | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-consuming | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acid-treatment, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.short-circuiting | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultrasonic-treatment) | 91 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5104228120, https://openalex.org/A5041921255, https://openalex.org/A5016059098 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204983213 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.97069574 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |