Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source Systems Article Swipe
P. T. Lang
,
B. Ploeckl
,
R. Fischer
,
M. Griener
,
M. Kircher
,
O. Kudláček
,
G. Phillips
,
B. Sieglin
,
S. Yamamoto
,
W. Treutterer
,
Aug Team
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034
Fuel injection by means of solid cryogenic pellets is expected to provide a sound and efficient tool. Hence, the installation of a pellet launching system will be a necessity. Yet, pellets are considered as a serviceable actuator for integrated supplementary functions as, e.g., fast and efficient delivery of seeding gas, or in case needed, the pacing of edge-localized modes. Consequently, a control scheme has to be developed that is capable of mastering the simultaneous actuations covering different tasks. Our scheme relies on pellet launching by a centrifuge accelerator, providing the option for precisely predictable pellet injection sequences. In order to develop a suitable actuator control scheme, as a first step the central part was brought into service at ASDEX Upgrade. It proved operational for feedback particle flux control of a single pellet source. In a subsequent step, it is now upgraded to enable multitasked control of the JT-60SA multipellet source currently under construction. In its finally designated configuration, this control scheme provides a potential solution for a reactor-grade system.
Related Topics
Concepts
ASDEX Upgrade
Pellets
Pellet
Actuator
Upgrade
Nuclear engineering
Control system
Computer science
Flux (metallurgy)
Centrifuge
Scheme (mathematics)
Particle (ecology)
Materials science
Plasma
Engineering
Physics
Tokamak
Nuclear physics
Electrical engineering
Operating system
Mathematics
Artificial intelligence
Composite material
Mathematical analysis
Oceanography
Metallurgy
Geology
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 22
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3217738472
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3217738472Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source SystemsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-11-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
P. T. Lang, B. Ploeckl, R. Fischer, M. Griener, M. Kircher, O. Kudláček, G. Phillips, B. Sieglin, S. Yamamoto, W. Treutterer, Aug TeamList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
ASDEX Upgrade, Pellets, Pellet, Actuator, Upgrade, Nuclear engineering, Control system, Computer science, Flux (metallurgy), Centrifuge, Scheme (mathematics), Particle (ecology), Materials science, Plasma, Engineering, Physics, Tokamak, Nuclear physics, Electrical engineering, Operating system, Mathematics, Artificial intelligence, Composite material, Mathematical analysis, Oceanography, Metallurgy, GeologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2023: 3, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
22Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3217738472 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| ids.mag | 3217738472 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3217738472 |
| fwci | 0.28912685 |
| type | article |
| title | Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source Systems |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 78 |
| biblio.last_page | 9 |
| biblio.first_page | 1 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| topics[0].display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11808 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Superconducting Materials and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11367 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9980000257492065 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Particle accelerators and beam dynamics |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2776017730 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7733839750289917 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297398 |
| concepts[0].display_name | ASDEX Upgrade |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780584874 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7125846147537231 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575866 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Pellets |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C17923525 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7000217437744141 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527229 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Pellet |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C172707124 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6645804643630981 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Actuator |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2780615140 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6007612347602844 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Upgrade |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C116915560 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.593755841255188 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Nuclear engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C17500928 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.47534987330436707 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Control system |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.46378812193870544 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C68709404 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4440971612930298 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Flux (metallurgy) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2780657338 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4287962317466736 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191134 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Centrifuge |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C77618280 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.41542425751686096 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Scheme (mathematics) |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C2778517922 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4118425250053406 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Particle (ecology) |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.3207816183567047 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C82706917 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.24138006567955017 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Plasma |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.19724217057228088 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.18609291315078735 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C116515362 |
| concepts[16].level | 3 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.1640564501285553 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Tokamak |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C185544564 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.15124240517616272 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.14048609137535095 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.10073217749595642 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[20].level | 0 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[22].level | 1 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[23].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[23].level | 1 |
| concepts[23].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[23].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[23].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| concepts[24].id | https://openalex.org/C111368507 |
| concepts[24].level | 1 |
| concepts[24].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[24].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518 |
| concepts[24].display_name | Oceanography |
| concepts[25].id | https://openalex.org/C191897082 |
| concepts[25].level | 1 |
| concepts[25].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[25].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467 |
| concepts[25].display_name | Metallurgy |
| concepts[26].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[26].level | 0 |
| concepts[26].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[26].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[26].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/asdex-upgrade |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7733839750289917 |
| keywords[0].display_name | ASDEX Upgrade |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pellets |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7125846147537231 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Pellets |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pellet |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7000217437744141 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Pellet |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6645804643630981 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Actuator |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/upgrade |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6007612347602844 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Upgrade |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.593755841255188 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Nuclear engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system |
| keywords[6].score | 0.47534987330436707 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Control system |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[7].score | 0.46378812193870544 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/flux |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4440971612930298 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Flux (metallurgy) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/centrifuge |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4287962317466736 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Centrifuge |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme |
| keywords[10].score | 0.41542425751686096 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Scheme (mathematics) |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/particle |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4118425250053406 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Particle (ecology) |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.3207816183567047 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma |
| keywords[13].score | 0.24138006567955017 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Plasma |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[14].score | 0.19724217057228088 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[15].score | 0.18609291315078735 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tokamak |
| keywords[16].score | 0.1640564501285553 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Tokamak |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics |
| keywords[17].score | 0.15124240517616272 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[18].score | 0.14048609137535095 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[19].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system |
| keywords[19].score | 0.10073217749595642 |
| keywords[19].display_name | Operating system |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S104092111 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1536-1055, 1943-7641 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1536-1055 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Fusion Science & Technology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Taylor & Francis |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Taylor & Francis |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Fusion Science and Technology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062952775 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-8518 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | P. T. Lang |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | P. T. Lang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078699260 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-5402 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | B. Ploeckl |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | B. Ploeckl |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053791023 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6205-4731 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | R. Fischer |
| authorships[2].countries | DE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | R. Fischer |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040306534 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2953-536X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | M. Griener |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | M. Griener |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010655252 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5774-5359 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | M. Kircher |
| authorships[4].countries | DE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | M. Kircher |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018477037 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0356-115X |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | O. Kudláček |
| authorships[5].countries | DE |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | O. Kudlacek |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5007813523 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | G. Phillips |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fusion for Energy-F4E, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | G. Phillips |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Fusion for Energy-F4E, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006645409 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-4434 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | B. Sieglin |
| authorships[7].countries | DE |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | B. Sieglin |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101755649 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-9243 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | S. Yamamoto |
| authorships[8].countries | JP |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210114217 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Technology, Naka Fusion Institute, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan 311-0193 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210114217 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/020rbyg91 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210114217 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | S. Yamamoto |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Technology, Naka Fusion Institute, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan 311-0193 |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063635821 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-1578 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | W. Treutterer |
| authorships[9].countries | DE |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03taest98 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | W. Treutterer |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5013070602 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Aug Team |
| authorships[10].author_position | last |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | AUG Team |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source Systems |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2166781872, https://openalex.org/W2906881479, https://openalex.org/W2233064650, https://openalex.org/W2044376814, https://openalex.org/W2624585365, https://openalex.org/W1966088728, https://openalex.org/W2754266464, https://openalex.org/W2204244505, https://openalex.org/W2297136698, https://openalex.org/W4311616319 |
| cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S104092111 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1536-1055, 1943-7641 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1536-1055 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Fusion Science & Technology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Taylor & Francis |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Taylor & Francis |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Fusion Science and Technology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S104092111 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1536-1055, 1943-7641 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1536-1055 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Fusion Science & Technology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Taylor & Francis |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Taylor & Francis |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Fusion Science and Technology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034 |
| publication_date | 2021-11-29 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2979470667, https://openalex.org/W3119156956, https://openalex.org/W3122041876, https://openalex.org/W3159876150, https://openalex.org/W2771899686, https://openalex.org/W2953574125, https://openalex.org/W3118704122, https://openalex.org/W2777332643, https://openalex.org/W2125375781, https://openalex.org/W2008697330, https://openalex.org/W2003519197, https://openalex.org/W2018617780, https://openalex.org/W3001510938, https://openalex.org/W2144213184, https://openalex.org/W2047724965, https://openalex.org/W643305763, https://openalex.org/W4211151981, https://openalex.org/W2587159920, https://openalex.org/W3046961155, https://openalex.org/W2850766803, https://openalex.org/W2981564161, https://openalex.org/W3164332537 |
| referenced_works_count | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 12, 21, 27, 34, 60, 85, 101, 107, 129, 134, 162, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 97, 133, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 33, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 26, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 2, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 8, 68, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 4, 20, 47, 56, 70, 128, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 10, 64, 99, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 14, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 37, 91, 123, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.now | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 18, 54, 72, 89, 110, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fuel | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Yet, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fast | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flux | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.step | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ASDEX | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.e.g., | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.means | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solid | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sound | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.step, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hence, | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enable | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modes. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.option | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pacing | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pellet | 22, 82, 94, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proved | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relies | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 62, 79, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.source | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tasks. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.JT-60SA | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brought | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capable | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.central | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 61, 104, 127, 144, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finally | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pellets | 7, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme, | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seeding | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.service | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.source. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Upgrade. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actuator | 36, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.covering | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delivery | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expected | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feedback | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particle | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upgraded | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cryogenic | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.currently | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 15, 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injection | 1, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.launching | 23, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mastering | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precisely | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actuations | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centrifuge | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designated | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessity. | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences. | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequent | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multipellet | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multitasked | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operational | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictable | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serviceable | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accelerator, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.installation | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simultaneous | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Consequently, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construction. | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactor-grade | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supplementary | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configuration, | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.edge-localized | 57 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5062952775 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 11 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210139716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7799999713897705 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.91806597 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |