Addressing bias in bagging and boosting regression models Article Swipe

PDF

Juliette Ugirumurera , Erik A. Bensen , Joseph Severino , Jibonananda Sanyal ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5

Related Topics

Random Forest

Boosting (Machine Learning)

Computer Science

Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence

Concepts

Random forest Gradient boosting Boosting (machine learning) Computer science Machine learning Artificial intelligence Regression Ensemble learning Ensemble forecasting Decision tree Econometrics Statistics Mathematics

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
PDF: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 31
References: 33
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4401409801

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4401409801

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Addressing bias in bagging and boosting regression models

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-08-08

Full publication date if available
Authors: Juliette Ugirumurera, Erik A. Bensen, Joseph Severino, Jibonananda Sanyal

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Random forest, Gradient boosting, Boosting (machine learning), Computer science, Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, Regression, Ensemble learning, Ensemble forecasting, Decision tree, Econometrics, Statistics, Mathematics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 31

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 30, 2024: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 33

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4401409801
doi	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39117728
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4401409801
fwci	19.80213502
type	article
title	Addressing bias in bagging and boosting regression models
biblio.issue	1
biblio.volume	14
biblio.last_page	18452
biblio.first_page	18452
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T11689
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[0].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[0].score	0.9970999956130981
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[0].display_name	Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T12535
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.9909999966621399
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[1].display_name	Machine Learning and Data Classification
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T12026
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[2].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[2].score	0.9904000163078308
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[2].display_name	Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	1890
apc_list.currency	EUR
apc_list.value_usd	2190
apc_paid.value	1890
apc_paid.currency	EUR
apc_paid.value_usd	2190
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C169258074
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.7784936428070068
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748
concepts[0].display_name	Random forest
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C70153297
concepts[1].level	3
concepts[1].score	0.7708886861801147
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907
concepts[1].display_name	Gradient boosting
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C46686674
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.6245080232620239
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303
concepts[2].display_name	Boosting (machine learning)
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[3].level	0
concepts[3].score	0.6219712495803833
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[3].display_name	Computer science
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C119857082
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.6191645860671997
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539
concepts[4].display_name	Machine learning
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.5907326340675354
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[5].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C83546350
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.5874155163764954
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051
concepts[6].display_name	Regression
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C45942800
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.5108973383903503
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652
concepts[7].display_name	Ensemble learning
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C119898033
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.5020685195922852
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888
concepts[8].display_name	Ensemble forecasting
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C84525736
concepts[9].level	2
concepts[9].score	0.4405766725540161
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366
concepts[9].display_name	Decision tree
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C149782125
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.39048221707344055
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039
concepts[10].display_name	Econometrics
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C105795698
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.33911383152008057
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483
concepts[11].display_name	Statistics
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[12].level	0
concepts[12].score	0.2174530327320099
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[12].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest
keywords[0].score	0.7784936428070068
keywords[0].display_name	Random forest
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting
keywords[1].score	0.7708886861801147
keywords[1].display_name	Gradient boosting
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting
keywords[2].score	0.6245080232620239
keywords[2].display_name	Boosting (machine learning)
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[3].score	0.6219712495803833
keywords[3].display_name	Computer science
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning
keywords[4].score	0.6191645860671997
keywords[4].display_name	Machine learning
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[5].score	0.5907326340675354
keywords[5].display_name	Artificial intelligence
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/regression
keywords[6].score	0.5874155163764954
keywords[6].display_name	Regression
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning
keywords[7].score	0.5108973383903503
keywords[7].display_name	Ensemble learning
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting
keywords[8].score	0.5020685195922852
keywords[8].display_name	Ensemble forecasting
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree
keywords[9].score	0.4405766725540161
keywords[9].display_name	Decision tree
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics
keywords[10].score	0.39048221707344055
keywords[10].display_name	Econometrics
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics
keywords[11].score	0.33911383152008057
keywords[11].display_name	Statistics
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[12].score	0.2174530327320099
keywords[12].display_name	Mathematics
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S196734849
locations[0].source.issn	2045-2322
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	2045-2322
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	True
locations[0].source.display_name	Scientific Reports
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310319908
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Nature Portfolio
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310319908, https://openalex.org/P4310319965
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature
locations[0].license	cc-by-nc-nd
locations[0].pdf_url	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Scientific Reports
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
locations[1].id	pmid:39117728
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Scientific reports
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39117728
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:osti.gov:2437679
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402487
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I139351228
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	Office of Scientific and Technical Information
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I139351228
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url	https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2437679
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2437679
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47c0602f5396471bbf8a2037ba3aa876
locations[3].is_oa	False
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[3].source.host_organization
locations[3].source.host_organization_name
locations[3].license
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	submittedVersion
locations[3].raw_type	article
locations[3].license_id
locations[3].is_accepted	False
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name	Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)
locations[3].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/47c0602f5396471bbf8a2037ba3aa876
locations[4].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11310502
locations[4].is_oa	True
locations[4].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[4].source.issn
locations[4].source.type	repository
locations[4].source.is_oa	False
locations[4].source.issn_l
locations[4].source.is_core	False
locations[4].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[4].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[4].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[4].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[4].license	other-oa
locations[4].pdf_url
locations[4].version	submittedVersion
locations[4].raw_type	Text
locations[4].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa
locations[4].is_accepted	False
locations[4].is_published	False
locations[4].raw_source_name	Sci Rep
locations[4].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11310502
indexed_in	crossref, doaj, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5018560093
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-2951
authorships[0].author.display_name	Juliette Ugirumurera
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/036266993
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1297288678, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I2800842121
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	National Renewable Energy Laboratory
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Juliette Ugirumurera
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5032619211
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-1421
authorships[1].author.display_name	Erik A. Bensen
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I74973139
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I74973139
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05x2bcf33
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I74973139
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Carnegie Mellon University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Erik A. Bensen
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5064791624
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-7841
authorships[2].author.display_name	Joseph Severino
authorships[2].countries	US
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/036266993
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1297288678, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I2800842121
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	National Renewable Energy Laboratory
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Joseph Severino
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5010678395
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-3199
authorships[3].author.display_name	Jibonananda Sanyal
authorships[3].countries	US
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/036266993
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1297288678, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I2800842121
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	National Renewable Energy Laboratory
authorships[3].author_position	last
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Jibonananda Sanyal
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Addressing bias in bagging and boosting regression models
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T11689
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
primary_topic.field.display_name	Computer Science
primary_topic.score	0.9970999956130981
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
primary_topic.display_name	Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2967733078, https://openalex.org/W3204430031, https://openalex.org/W3137904399, https://openalex.org/W4310492845, https://openalex.org/W2885778889, https://openalex.org/W4310224730, https://openalex.org/W2766514146, https://openalex.org/W4289703016, https://openalex.org/W2885516856, https://openalex.org/W4296079469
cited_by_count	31
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	30
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	5
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S196734849
best_oa_location.source.issn	2045-2322
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	2045-2322
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Scientific Reports
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310319908
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Nature Portfolio
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310319908, https://openalex.org/P4310319965
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature
best_oa_location.license	cc-by-nc-nd
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Scientific Reports
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
primary_location.id	doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S196734849
primary_location.source.issn	2045-2322
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	2045-2322
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
primary_location.source.display_name	Scientific Reports
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310319908
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Nature Portfolio
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310319908, https://openalex.org/P4310319965
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature
primary_location.license	cc-by-nc-nd
primary_location.pdf_url	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-68907-5.pdf
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Scientific Reports
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68907-5
publication_date	2024-08-08
publication_year	2024
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W6600496609, https://openalex.org/W6600077374, https://openalex.org/W2966384645, https://openalex.org/W2911964244, https://openalex.org/W2070493638, https://openalex.org/W2295598076, https://openalex.org/W2059141064, https://openalex.org/W2116984840, https://openalex.org/W3130306759, https://openalex.org/W2150997454, https://openalex.org/W4229001491, https://openalex.org/W2904239671, https://openalex.org/W4289258088, https://openalex.org/W2040825624, https://openalex.org/W2155982052, https://openalex.org/W6630657918, https://openalex.org/W2963662115, https://openalex.org/W3008843783, https://openalex.org/W3045763091, https://openalex.org/W2964023221, https://openalex.org/W2100960835, https://openalex.org/W2962833164, https://openalex.org/W4388229648, https://openalex.org/W2809878087, https://openalex.org/W4280570554, https://openalex.org/W2964261743, https://openalex.org/W3164517904, https://openalex.org/W2910401657, https://openalex.org/W2110065044, https://openalex.org/W6675354045, https://openalex.org/W3103373783, https://openalex.org/W4401409801, https://openalex.org/W4221104163
referenced_works_count	33
abstract_inverted_index
cited_by_percentile_year.max	100
cited_by_percentile_year.min	90
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5018560093
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	4
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1297288678
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.4000000059604645
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Gender equality
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.99172431
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	True
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True