Alpha-1 antitrypsin in COVID-19 patients: a dual-center screening study in Malaysia Article Swipe
Norsyuhadah Musa
,
Wan Norlina Wan Azman
,
Nor Amirah Mohammad Nazri
,
Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail
,
Azian Harun
,
Najib Majdi Yaacob
,
Sarina Sulong
,
K. N. S. Sirajudeen
,
Mahaya Che Mat
,
Hani Ajrina Zulkeflee
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2025.225
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2025.225
BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency has been recognized as an adverse prognostic determinant in severe instances of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To determine the A1AT phenotypes and levels in individuals at various clinical stages of COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. DESIGN: Case-control study SETTINGS: Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II) and Hospital Ampang, Malaysia PATIENTS AND METHODS: The analysis included a total of 282 patients. We categorized 188 COVID-19 patients from two centres in Malaysia into two groups: mild to moderate (stages 1-3) and severe to critical (stages 4-5) and compared them with 94 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A1AT phenotypes and levels in different COVID-19 stages compared to healthy controls SAMPLE SIZE: 282 subjects RESULTS: The frequency (n) and percentage (%) in the control group, 88 (93.6) exhibited PiMM phenotypes, whereas 6 (6.4) displayed PiXM/PiYM phenotypes. Within the mild to moderate COVID-19 group, 88 (93.6) had PiMM phenotypes, 3 (3.2) featured PiXM/PiYM, and 1 presented PiBM phenotypes. Among severe to critical COVID-19 patients, the PiMM phenotype was identified in 61 (64.9) with 16 (17) having PiBM phenotypes, 4 (4.5) displaying PiCM, 2 (2.1) featuring PiXM/PiYM, and 1 (1.1) presenting PiEM phenotypes. Variants such as MS, MZ, S, and Z were undetected. However, 12 COVID-19 patient samples yielded inconclusive results. Median (IQR: 25th to 75th percentile) A1AT concentrations for controls were 1.8 (1.3-2.3) g/L, for mild to moderate cases 1.9 (1.2-2.6) g/L, and for severe to critical COVID-19 cases 2.1 (1.4-2.8) g/L. CONCLUSION: This research identifies the PiMM phenotype as the predominant phenotype expression within the studied population. This prevalence underscores the potential role of genetic factors in determining the biological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The presence of another phenotype variant across the study population suggests a nuanced genetic landscape that warrants further exploration. LIMITATION: The absence of follow-up A1AT quantification and baseline measurements limits the assessment of disease progression. The isolectric focusing phenotyping technique used might have missed specific A1ATD variants.
Related Topics
Concepts
Medicine
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Center (category theory)
Dual (grammatical number)
Betacoronavirus
Virology
Internal medicine
Disease
Outbreak
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Chemistry
Crystallography
Literature
Art
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2025.225
- OA Status
- diamond
- References
- 35
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4412867289
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4412867289Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2025.225Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Alpha-1 antitrypsin in COVID-19 patients: a dual-center screening study in MalaysiaWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Norsyuhadah Musa, Wan Norlina Wan Azman, Nor Amirah Mohammad Nazri, Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, Azian Harun, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Sarina Sulong, K. N. S. Sirajudeen, Mahaya Che Mat, Hani Ajrina ZulkefleeList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2025.225Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2025.225Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Center (category theory), Dual (grammatical number), Betacoronavirus, Virology, Internal medicine, Disease, Outbreak, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Chemistry, Crystallography, Literature, ArtTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
35Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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