Alterations in Immune-Related Defensin Alpha 4 (DEFA4) Gene Expression in Health and Disease Article Swipe
Fatemah Basingab
,
Abeer Hamad Alsaiary
,
Shahad Almontashri
,
Aisha Alrofaidi
,
Mona G. Alharbi
,
Sheren A. Azhari
,
Khloud Algothmi
,
Safiah Alhazmi
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136
Defensin Alpha 4 (DEFA4) is the fourth member of the Alpha Defensins family known as a part of antimicrobial peptides in the innate immune system. DEFA4 has a strong preference to kill Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, DEFA4 exhibits antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. Moreover, DEFA4 can act as an inhibitor of corticosterone production (Corticostatin). On the other hand, alternations in DEFA4 gene expression have been reported in different disorders such as diseases related to inflammation and immunity dysfunction, brain-related disorders, and various cancers. The up-regulation of DEFA4 appears to be involved in the malignant transformation or aggressive form of cancer. Interestingly, the modified version of DEFA4 fragment (1–11) was potent and efficient against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review provides a general background abSaudi Arabia out DEFA4 and sheds light on changes in DEFA4 gene expression in different diseases. The paper also discusses other aspects related to DEFA4 as an antimicrobial and antiviral agent. The research was conducted based on available articles obtained from databases starting from 1988 to the present.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136
- https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 12
- References
- 100
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4281640164
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4281640164Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Alterations in Immune-Related Defensin Alpha 4 (DEFA4) Gene Expression in Health and DiseaseWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-05-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Fatemah Basingab, Abeer Hamad Alsaiary, Shahad Almontashri, Aisha Alrofaidi, Mona G. Alharbi, Sheren A. Azhari, Khloud Algothmi, Safiah AlhazmiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Defensin, Medicine, Immune system, Alpha (finance), Disease, Gene, Gene expression, Immunology, Genetics, Biology, Internal medicine, Patient satisfaction, Nursing, Construct validityTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
12Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 3, 2023: 4, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
100Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4281640164 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35668817 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4281640164 |
| fwci | 2.08329655 |
| type | review |
| title | Alterations in Immune-Related Defensin Alpha 4 (DEFA4) Gene Expression in Health and Disease |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 2022 |
| biblio.last_page | 15 |
| biblio.first_page | 1 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11103 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2404 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Microbiology |
| topics[0].display_name | Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13770 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/36 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Health Professions |
| topics[1].score | 0.9983000159263611 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3604 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Emergency Medical Services |
| topics[1].display_name | Pediatric health and respiratory diseases |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10371 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9962999820709229 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[2].display_name | Immune Response and Inflammation |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 900 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 900 |
| apc_paid.value | 900 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 900 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2776498113 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.697969913482666 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412820 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Defensin |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6677716970443726 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C8891405 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5566104650497437 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Immune system |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C64943373 |
| concepts[3].level | 4 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5450901389122009 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Alpha (finance) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.49312564730644226 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.49089914560317993 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C150194340 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4564587473869324 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Gene expression |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4491179883480072 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.25734418630599976 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Genetics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.19087141752243042 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.1471690833568573 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C2775944032 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Patient satisfaction |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C159110408 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Nursing |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C49453240 |
| concepts[13].level | 3 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Construct validity |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/defensin |
| keywords[0].score | 0.697969913482666 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Defensin |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6677716970443726 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5566104650497437 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Immune system |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5450901389122009 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Alpha (finance) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[4].score | 0.49312564730644226 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene |
| keywords[5].score | 0.49089914560317993 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Gene |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4564587473869324 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Gene expression |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4491179883480072 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.25734418630599976 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.19087141752243042 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[10].score | 0.1471690833568573 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Internal medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S92596744 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2042-0099, 2090-8040 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2042-0099 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | International Journal of Inflammation |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | International Journal of Inflammation |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35668817 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | International journal of inflammation |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35668817 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c2756f8cdfb1444080bc530d58eb728d |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | International Journal of Inflammation, Vol 2022 (2022) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/c2756f8cdfb1444080bc530d58eb728d |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9167129 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Int J Inflam |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9167129 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084831700 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-559X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Fatemah Basingab |
| authorships[0].countries | SA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Immunology Unit, King Fahad for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Fatemah Basingab |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Immunology Unit, King Fahad for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068198691 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-2766 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Abeer Hamad Alsaiary |
| authorships[1].countries | SA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76571253 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Biology Department, College of Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I76571253 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/038cy8j79 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76571253 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | SA |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Abeer Alsaiary |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Biology Department, College of Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5081482697 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Shahad Almontashri |
| authorships[2].countries | SA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Shahad Almontashri |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084279289 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-2723 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Aisha Alrofaidi |
| authorships[3].countries | SA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Aisha Alrofaidi |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041672761 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-4175 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Mona G. Alharbi |
| authorships[4].countries | SA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Mona Alharbi |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002152008 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6910-8544 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Sheren A. Azhari |
| authorships[5].countries | SA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Sheren Azhari |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087957659 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-7428 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Khloud Algothmi |
| authorships[6].countries | SA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Khloud Algothmi |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047551943 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-4498 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Safiah Alhazmi |
| authorships[7].countries | SA |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Safiah Alhazmi |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2022-06-13T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Alterations in Immune-Related Defensin Alpha 4 (DEFA4) Gene Expression in Health and Disease |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11103 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2404 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Microbiology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1972946102, https://openalex.org/W2465700619, https://openalex.org/W3173382287, https://openalex.org/W1993167116, https://openalex.org/W2033327045, https://openalex.org/W1958189044, https://openalex.org/W3032874291, https://openalex.org/W2005057264, https://openalex.org/W2363156284, https://openalex.org/W2415025170 |
| cited_by_count | 12 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S92596744 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2042-0099, 2090-8040 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2042-0099 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Inflammation |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Inflammation |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S92596744 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2042-0099, 2090-8040 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2042-0099 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Inflammation |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319869 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2022/9099136.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Inflammation |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9099136 |
| publication_date | 2022-05-28 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2094948602, https://openalex.org/W1986362742, https://openalex.org/W2011623433, https://openalex.org/W2995142893, https://openalex.org/W4210539126, https://openalex.org/W2163663325, https://openalex.org/W2140472579, https://openalex.org/W1964567654, https://openalex.org/W1943160106, https://openalex.org/W2337957188, https://openalex.org/W2132537599, https://openalex.org/W1630083155, https://openalex.org/W2131958110, https://openalex.org/W1984643489, https://openalex.org/W2099870634, https://openalex.org/W2077231991, https://openalex.org/W2154926184, https://openalex.org/W2313593099, https://openalex.org/W2148017851, https://openalex.org/W1965299018, https://openalex.org/W2014055037, https://openalex.org/W2035821380, https://openalex.org/W2494118181, https://openalex.org/W2030709958, https://openalex.org/W2054962610, https://openalex.org/W2071759189, https://openalex.org/W2171550165, https://openalex.org/W97585627, https://openalex.org/W2910288526, https://openalex.org/W2914417447, https://openalex.org/W3012647921, https://openalex.org/W3033693842, https://openalex.org/W2072771934, https://openalex.org/W2142621680, https://openalex.org/W2297697396, https://openalex.org/W1483652893, https://openalex.org/W3108622358, https://openalex.org/W3035563792, https://openalex.org/W1998203484, https://openalex.org/W4205179063, https://openalex.org/W2043059507, https://openalex.org/W6745171965, https://openalex.org/W4242318543, https://openalex.org/W2779019546, https://openalex.org/W6697517655, https://openalex.org/W2081947770, https://openalex.org/W1522034611, https://openalex.org/W2256872998, https://openalex.org/W2794608669, https://openalex.org/W2034154726, https://openalex.org/W2055562239, https://openalex.org/W3004620128, https://openalex.org/W2950907456, https://openalex.org/W3091839106, https://openalex.org/W3108961313, https://openalex.org/W6776583185, https://openalex.org/W3164193729, https://openalex.org/W3173003579, https://openalex.org/W3042270788, https://openalex.org/W2587941297, https://openalex.org/W3113488765, https://openalex.org/W2565713774, https://openalex.org/W2794289462, https://openalex.org/W2012442228, https://openalex.org/W2577072690, https://openalex.org/W2511614083, https://openalex.org/W2081278295, https://openalex.org/W2792015671, https://openalex.org/W2099356583, https://openalex.org/W2142025489, https://openalex.org/W2123879827, https://openalex.org/W2035979460, https://openalex.org/W2071777192, https://openalex.org/W2582903515, https://openalex.org/W2981945581, https://openalex.org/W2998168165, https://openalex.org/W2103222118, https://openalex.org/W2999872367, https://openalex.org/W2939605277, https://openalex.org/W2781773586, https://openalex.org/W3158545443, https://openalex.org/W2123851781, https://openalex.org/W2023299675, https://openalex.org/W3011693950, https://openalex.org/W2032167909, https://openalex.org/W2015798044, https://openalex.org/W2047611848, https://openalex.org/W2526256829, https://openalex.org/W2946678779, https://openalex.org/W1968242645, https://openalex.org/W2084365809, https://openalex.org/W2089372045, https://openalex.org/W1853969127, https://openalex.org/W2010298605, https://openalex.org/W4212891121, https://openalex.org/W2103225674, https://openalex.org/W3018507926, https://openalex.org/W2981568805, https://openalex.org/W4210642183, https://openalex.org/W2336186665 |
| referenced_works_count | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4 | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 15, 27, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 58, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 14, 57, 80, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 20, 51, 69, 76, 101, 140, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 8, 17, 60, 95, 108, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 138, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 30, 83, 98, 154, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 93, 147, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.act | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 85, 90, 120, 135, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 9, 21, 65, 102, 111, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 118, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1988 | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 171, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gene | 71, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kill | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Alpha | 1, 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DEFA4 | 25, 40, 54, 70, 96, 115, 134, 141, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hand, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.known | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 66, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sheds | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Arabia | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agent. | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.family | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fourth | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innate | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.member | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potent | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DEFA4) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HIV-1) | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abSaudi | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 44, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appears | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 82, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.version | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1–11) | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Defensin | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.articles | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacteria | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancers. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibits | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragment | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunity | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involved | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peptides | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.starting | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Defensins | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antiviral | 42, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacteria. | 37, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.databases | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 77, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discusses | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibitor | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.malignant | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggressive | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.background | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression | 72, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preference | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternations | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dysfunction, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammation | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gram-negative | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gram-positive | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobial | 18, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brain-related | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up-regulation | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interestingly, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corticosterone | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transformation | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Corticostatin). | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunodeficiency | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibiotic-resistant | 123 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5084831700 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8399999737739563 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.82242279 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |