An Active-Passive Measurement Study of TCP Performance over LTE on High-speed Rails Article Swipe
Jing Wang
,
Yufan Zheng
,
Yunzhe Ni
,
Chenren Xu
,
Feng Qian
,
Wangyang Li
,
Wantong Jiang
,
Yihua Cheng
,
Zhuo Cheng
,
Yuanjie Li
,
Xiufeng Xie
,
Yi Sun
,
Zhongfeng Wang
·
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823
High-speed rail (HSR) systems potentially provide a more efficient way of door-to-door transportation than airplane. However, they also pose unprecedented challenges in delivering seamless Internet service for on-board passengers. In this paper, we conduct a large-scale active-passive measurement study of TCP performance over LTE on HSR. Our measurement targets the HSR routes in China operating at above 300 km/h. We performed extensive data collection through both controlled setting and passive monitoring, obtaining 1732.9 GB data collected over 135719 km of trips. Leveraging such a unique dataset, we measure important performance metrics such as TCP goodput, latency, loss rate, as well as key characteristics of TCP flows, application breakdown, and users' behaviors. We further quantitatively study the impact of frequent cellular handover on HSR networking performance, and conduct in-depth examination of the performance of two widely deployed transport-layer protocols: TCP CUBIC and TCP BBR. Our findings reveal the performance of today's commercial HSR networks "in the wild", as well as identify several performance inefficiencies, which motivate us to design a simple yet effective congestion control algorithm based on BBR to further boost the throughput by up to 36.5%. They together highlight the need to develop dedicated protocol mechanisms that are friendly to extreme mobility.
Related Topics
Concepts
Goodput
Computer science
Computer network
Handover
TCP Friendly Rate Control
Throughput
Transmission Control Protocol
Network congestion
Latency (audio)
TCP Westwood plus
H-TCP
TCP tuning
Network packet
Telecommunications
Wireless
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04823
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 29
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2905563297
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2905563297Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
An Active-Passive Measurement Study of TCP Performance over LTE on High-speed RailsWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2018Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2018-12-12Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jing Wang, Yufan Zheng, Yunzhe Ni, Chenren Xu, Feng Qian, Wangyang Li, Wantong Jiang, Yihua Cheng, Zhuo Cheng, Yuanjie Li, Xiufeng Xie, Yi Sun, Zhongfeng WangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04823Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Goodput, Computer science, Computer network, Handover, TCP Friendly Rate Control, Throughput, Transmission Control Protocol, Network congestion, Latency (audio), TCP Westwood plus, H-TCP, TCP tuning, Network packet, Telecommunications, WirelessTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 2, 2022: 1, 2020: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
29Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2905563297 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823 |
| ids.mag | 2905563297 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2905563297 |
| fwci | |
| type | preprint |
| title | An Active-Passive Measurement Study of TCP Performance over LTE on High-speed Rails |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10138 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[0].display_name | Network Traffic and Congestion Control |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11409 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Advanced Wireless Network Optimization |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10575 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.996999979019165 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Wireless Communication Networks Research |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C94022561 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7930635809898376 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172393 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Goodput |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6581830382347107 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6147544980049133 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C111852164 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5785860419273376 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Handover |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C30838235 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5406628847122192 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7669749 |
| concepts[4].display_name | TCP Friendly Rate Control |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C157764524 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4439775347709656 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Throughput |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C33588617 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.44079574942588806 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8803 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Transmission Control Protocol |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C195563490 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4405924379825592 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Network congestion |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C82876162 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4275169372558594 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Latency (audio) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C178127533 |
| concepts[9].level | 5 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4171203076839447 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7669752 |
| concepts[9].display_name | TCP Westwood plus |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C128381798 |
| concepts[10].level | 5 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.41377416253089905 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5627845 |
| concepts[10].display_name | H-TCP |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C120837960 |
| concepts[11].level | 4 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.41375333070755005 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7669763 |
| concepts[11].display_name | TCP tuning |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C158379750 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1892237663269043 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Network packet |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.18098187446594238 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C555944384 |
| concepts[14].level | 2 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.13048014044761658 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Wireless |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/goodput |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7930635809898376 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Goodput |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6581830382347107 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6147544980049133 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer network |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/handover |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5785860419273376 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Handover |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tcp-friendly-rate-control |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5406628847122192 |
| keywords[4].display_name | TCP Friendly Rate Control |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4439775347709656 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Throughput |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-control-protocol |
| keywords[6].score | 0.44079574942588806 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Transmission Control Protocol |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4405924379825592 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Network congestion |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/latency |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4275169372558594 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Latency (audio) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tcp-westwood-plus |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4171203076839447 |
| keywords[9].display_name | TCP Westwood plus |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/h-tcp |
| keywords[10].score | 0.41377416253089905 |
| keywords[10].display_name | H-TCP |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/tcp-tuning |
| keywords[11].score | 0.41375333070755005 |
| keywords[11].display_name | TCP tuning |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1892237663269043 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Network packet |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[13].score | 0.18098187446594238 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless |
| keywords[14].score | 0.13048014044761658 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Wireless |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.04823 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823 |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04823 |
| locations[1].id | doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04823 |
| indexed_in | arxiv, datacite |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101779429 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-1786 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jing Wang |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Jing Wang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101478639 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-582X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Yufan Zheng |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yufan Zheng |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029111171 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9417-3040 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Yunzhe Ni |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Yunzhe Ni |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003999919 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-2596 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Chenren Xu |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Chenren Xu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072962093 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-2650 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Feng Qian |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Feng Qian |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079166567 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6998-9343 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Wangyang Li |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Wangyang Li |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057141153 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Wantong Jiang |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Wantong Jiang |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004850046 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3924-6886 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Yihua Cheng |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Yihua Cheng |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101564644 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Zhuo Cheng |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Zhuo Cheng |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101497980 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5931-3894 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Yuanjie Li |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Yuanjie Li |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086939261 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-193X |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Xiufeng Xie |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Xiufeng Xie |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078794661 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-8004 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Yi Sun |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Yi Sun |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100697000 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-7334 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Zhongfeng Wang |
| authorships[12].author_position | last |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Zhongfeng Wang |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | An Active-Passive Measurement Study of TCP Performance over LTE on High-speed Rails |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10138 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| primary_topic.display_name | Network Traffic and Congestion Control |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2393205910, https://openalex.org/W71366087, https://openalex.org/W2426825868, https://openalex.org/W2361487389, https://openalex.org/W2143145152, https://openalex.org/W2003923844, https://openalex.org/W2591808471, https://openalex.org/W196708450, https://openalex.org/W2099814715, https://openalex.org/W2096570563 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.04823 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823 |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04823 |
| primary_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.04823 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04823 |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04823 |
| publication_date | 2018-12-12 |
| publication_year | 2018 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1836040104, https://openalex.org/W2508720818, https://openalex.org/W2021085547, https://openalex.org/W1980560457, https://openalex.org/W2067481044, https://openalex.org/W2082092246, https://openalex.org/W2163038493, https://openalex.org/W2159559173, https://openalex.org/W2145865841, https://openalex.org/W1986195874, https://openalex.org/W2753542457, https://openalex.org/W2051619378, https://openalex.org/W2105047865, https://openalex.org/W2145296449, https://openalex.org/W2854921244, https://openalex.org/W2064733780, https://openalex.org/W123146400, https://openalex.org/W2625304072, https://openalex.org/W2101182788, https://openalex.org/W2050600889, https://openalex.org/W2902331071, https://openalex.org/W2133671920, https://openalex.org/W2080165082, https://openalex.org/W1694165248, https://openalex.org/W2283127614, https://openalex.org/W2151512164, https://openalex.org/W2139307018, https://openalex.org/W2770154761, https://openalex.org/W2526496292 |
| referenced_works_count | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 6, 34, 83, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GB | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 59, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 92, 98, 100, 156, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 21, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.km | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 10, 39, 79, 103, 117, 129, 132, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 44, 121, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 166, 178, 185, 192, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.us | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 32, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index."in | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.300 | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BBR | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HSR | 50, 122, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LTE | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 46, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TCP | 40, 93, 104, 138, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 68, 108, 125, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 49, 115, 130, 146, 154, 181, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yet | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BBR. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HSR. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.They | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 62, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 42, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pose | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rail | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 82, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 99, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HSR) | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CUBIC | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.above | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boost | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.km/h. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 38, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.135719 | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1732.9 | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.36.5%. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flows, | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveal | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.routes | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trips. | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users' | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wild", | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conduct | 33, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extreme | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 112, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metrics | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.passive | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.service | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targets | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.today's | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Internet | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cellular | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dataset, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deployed | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequent | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.friendly | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goodput, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.handover | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-depth | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latency, | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.motivate | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on-board | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seamless | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.together | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.airplane. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dedicated | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlight | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobility. | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtaining | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operating | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.High-speed | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Leveraging | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behaviors. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breakdown, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collection | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commercial | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.congestion | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delivering | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networking | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocols: | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughput | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examination | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large-scale | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurement | 37, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.passengers. | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 41, 89, 131, 147, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.door-to-door | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance, | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unprecedented | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.active-passive | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitatively | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transportation | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inefficiencies, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transport-layer | 136 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 13 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |