An element‐based formulation for ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis Article Swipe

PDF

D. Colombo , Slah Drira , Ralf Frotscher , Manfred Staat ·

YOU? · · 2022 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126

Edge‐based and face‐based smoothed finite element methods (ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM, respectively) are modified versions of the finite element method allowing to achieve more accurate results and to reduce sensitivity to mesh distortion, at least for linear elements. These properties make the two methods very attractive. However, their implementation in a standard finite element code is nontrivial because it requires heavy and extensive modifications to the code architecture. In this article, we present an element‐based formulation of ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM methods allowing to implement the two methods in a standard finite element code with no modifications to its architecture. Moreover, the element‐based formulation permits to easily manage any type of element, especially in 3D models where, to the best of the authors' knowledge, only tetrahedral elements are used in FS‐FEM applications found in the literature. Shape functions for non‐simplex 3D elements are proposed in order to apply FS‐FEM to any standard finite element.

Related Topics

Finite Element Method

Tetrahedron

Computer Science

Structural Engineering

Mathematics

Geometry

Engineering

Concepts

Finite element method Smoothed finite element method Extended finite element method Mixed finite element method Finite element limit analysis hp-FEM Tetrahedron Spectral element method Computer science Structural engineering Boundary knot method Mathematics Geometry Engineering Boundary element method

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126
PDF: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126
OA Status: hybrid
Cited By: 4
References: 15
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4297900412

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4297900412

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126

Digital Object Identifier
Title: An element‐based formulation for ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2022

Year of publication
Publication date: 2022-09-14

Full publication date if available
Authors: D. Colombo, Slah Drira, Ralf Frotscher, Manfred Staat

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: hybrid

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Finite element method, Smoothed finite element method, Extended finite element method, Mixed finite element method, Finite element limit analysis, hp-FEM, Tetrahedron, Spectral element method, Computer science, Structural engineering, Boundary knot method, Mathematics, Geometry, Engineering, Boundary element method

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 4

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 3, 2024: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 15

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4297900412
doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4297900412
fwci	0.64526237
type	article
title	An element‐based formulation for ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis
biblio.issue	2
biblio.volume	124
biblio.last_page	433
biblio.first_page	402
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10514
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[0].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[0].score	0.9998999834060669
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2211
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Mechanics of Materials
topics[0].display_name	Numerical methods in engineering
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10339
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[1].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[1].score	0.9991999864578247
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2206
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Computational Mechanics
topics[1].display_name	Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11558
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[2].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9972000122070312
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2211
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Mechanics of Materials
topics[2].display_name	Composite Material Mechanics
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	5050
apc_list.currency	USD
apc_list.value_usd	5050
apc_paid.value	5050
apc_paid.currency	USD
apc_paid.value_usd	5050
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C135628077
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.9049922227859497
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184
concepts[0].display_name	Finite element method
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C177605945
concepts[1].level	5
concepts[1].score	0.8440805673599243
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11007230
concepts[1].display_name	Smoothed finite element method
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C24810621
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.6693382263183594
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333647
concepts[2].display_name	Extended finite element method
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C144468803
concepts[3].level	3
concepts[3].score	0.6662088632583618
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16965966
concepts[3].display_name	Mixed finite element method
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C93949632
concepts[4].level	4
concepts[4].score	0.6400973200798035
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5450392
concepts[4].display_name	Finite element limit analysis
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C4349628
concepts[5].level	5
concepts[5].score	0.4768851101398468
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027720
concepts[5].display_name	hp-FEM
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C105239961
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.45605891942977905
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160003
concepts[6].display_name	Tetrahedron
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C38961997
concepts[7].level	4
concepts[7].score	0.4196597933769226
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575186
concepts[7].display_name	Spectral element method
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[8].level	0
concepts[8].score	0.41379034519195557
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[8].display_name	Computer science
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C66938386
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.3703041076660156
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538
concepts[9].display_name	Structural engineering
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C52890695
concepts[10].level	4
concepts[10].score	0.36132580041885376
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4949966
concepts[10].display_name	Boundary knot method
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[11].level	0
concepts[11].score	0.2700542211532593
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[11].display_name	Mathematics
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C2524010
concepts[12].level	1
concepts[12].score	0.24656009674072266
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087
concepts[12].display_name	Geometry
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C127413603
concepts[13].level	0
concepts[13].score	0.21992433071136475
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023
concepts[13].display_name	Engineering
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C63632240
concepts[14].level	3
concepts[14].score	0.08308222889900208
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1935004
concepts[14].display_name	Boundary element method
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method
keywords[0].score	0.9049922227859497
keywords[0].display_name	Finite element method
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothed-finite-element-method
keywords[1].score	0.8440805673599243
keywords[1].display_name	Smoothed finite element method
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-finite-element-method
keywords[2].score	0.6693382263183594
keywords[2].display_name	Extended finite element method
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-finite-element-method
keywords[3].score	0.6662088632583618
keywords[3].display_name	Mixed finite element method
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-limit-analysis
keywords[4].score	0.6400973200798035
keywords[4].display_name	Finite element limit analysis
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hp-fem
keywords[5].score	0.4768851101398468
keywords[5].display_name	hp-FEM
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrahedron
keywords[6].score	0.45605891942977905
keywords[6].display_name	Tetrahedron
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-element-method
keywords[7].score	0.4196597933769226
keywords[7].display_name	Spectral element method
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[8].score	0.41379034519195557
keywords[8].display_name	Computer science
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering
keywords[9].score	0.3703041076660156
keywords[9].display_name	Structural engineering
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-knot-method
keywords[10].score	0.36132580041885376
keywords[10].display_name	Boundary knot method
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[11].score	0.2700542211532593
keywords[11].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry
keywords[12].score	0.24656009674072266
keywords[12].display_name	Geometry
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering
keywords[13].score	0.21992433071136475
keywords[13].display_name	Engineering
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-element-method
keywords[14].score	0.08308222889900208
keywords[14].display_name	Boundary element method
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1002/nme.7126
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S165651092
locations[0].source.issn	0029-5981, 1097-0207
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l	0029-5981
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Wiley
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126
locations[1].id	pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03956203v1
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402512
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1294671590
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1294671590
locations[1].license	cc-by
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	submittedVersion
locations[1].raw_type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
locations[1].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published	False
locations[1].raw_source_name	ISSN: 0029-5981
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://ifp.hal.science/hal-03956203
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:297387
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400487
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	True
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
locations[2].source.host_organization
locations[2].source.host_organization_name
locations[2].license	cc-by-nc-nd
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	research article
locations[2].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	WoS
locations[2].landing_page_url	http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/297387
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101479950
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-9486
authorships[0].author.display_name	D. Colombo
authorships[0].countries	FR
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I265217849
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Département Physique Numérique des Milieux Poreux IFP Energies Nouvelles Rueil‐Malmaison France
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I265217849
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03gcbhc33
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I265217849
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	FR
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	IFP Énergies nouvelles
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Daniele Colombo
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Département Physique Numérique des Milieux Poreux IFP Energies Nouvelles Rueil‐Malmaison France
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5053910553
authorships[1].author.orcid
authorships[1].author.display_name	Slah Drira
authorships[1].countries	CH
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I5124864
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Laboratoire d'informatique et de mécanique appliquées à la construction ‐ IMAC Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I5124864
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02s376052
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I5124864
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Slah Drira
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Laboratoire d'informatique et de mécanique appliquées à la construction ‐ IMAC Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5015535278
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7313-7353
authorships[2].author.display_name	Ralf Frotscher
authorships[2].countries	DE
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I99977706
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Faculty of Medical Engineering and Applied Mathematics FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I99977706
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04tqgg260
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I99977706
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	DE
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	FH Aachen
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Ralf Frotscher
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Faculty of Medical Engineering and Applied Mathematics FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5086774493
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4363-6570
authorships[3].author.display_name	Manfred Staat
authorships[3].countries	DE
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I99977706
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Faculty of Medical Engineering and Applied Mathematics FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I99977706
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04tqgg260
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I99977706
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	DE
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	FH Aachen
authorships[3].author_position	last
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Manfred Staat
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Faculty of Medical Engineering and Applied Mathematics FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Jülich Germany
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126
open_access.oa_status	hybrid
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	An element‐based formulation for ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10514
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
primary_topic.field.display_name	Engineering
primary_topic.score	0.9998999834060669
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2211
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Mechanics of Materials
primary_topic.display_name	Numerical methods in engineering
related_works	https://openalex.org/W1989473560, https://openalex.org/W1567939749, https://openalex.org/W1031178128, https://openalex.org/W1977906733, https://openalex.org/W2185206193, https://openalex.org/W3196813885, https://openalex.org/W2376732695, https://openalex.org/W2048691789, https://openalex.org/W2160086944, https://openalex.org/W2371209503
cited_by_count	4
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	3
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1002/nme.7126
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S165651092
best_oa_location.source.issn	0029-5981, 1097-0207
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	0029-5981
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Wiley
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126
primary_location.id	doi:10.1002/nme.7126
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S165651092
primary_location.source.issn	0029-5981, 1097-0207
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l	0029-5981
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Wiley
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nme.7126
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126
publication_date	2022-09-14
publication_year	2022
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2022275452, https://openalex.org/W2166822672, https://openalex.org/W2111521743, https://openalex.org/W1966753479, https://openalex.org/W2106715384, https://openalex.org/W1997877319, https://openalex.org/W1989696490, https://openalex.org/W2029786125, https://openalex.org/W1971656973, https://openalex.org/W2004175401, https://openalex.org/W1573186872, https://openalex.org/W2102389416, https://openalex.org/W1566393002, https://openalex.org/W2554058494, https://openalex.org/W2139933850
referenced_works_count	15
abstract_inverted_index.a	50, 88
abstract_inverted_index.3D	113, 139
abstract_inverted_index.In	68
abstract_inverted_index.an	73
abstract_inverted_index.at	33
abstract_inverted_index.in	49, 87, 112, 128, 132, 143
abstract_inverted_index.is	55
abstract_inverted_index.it	58
abstract_inverted_index.no	94
abstract_inverted_index.of	15, 76, 109, 119
abstract_inverted_index.to	21, 27, 30, 64, 82, 96, 104, 116, 145, 148
abstract_inverted_index.we	71
abstract_inverted_index.and	2, 9, 26, 61, 78
abstract_inverted_index.any	107, 149
abstract_inverted_index.are	12, 126, 141
abstract_inverted_index.for	35, 137
abstract_inverted_index.its	97
abstract_inverted_index.the	16, 41, 65, 84, 100, 117, 120, 133
abstract_inverted_index.two	42, 85
abstract_inverted_index.best	118
abstract_inverted_index.code	54, 66, 92
abstract_inverted_index.make	40
abstract_inverted_index.mesh	31
abstract_inverted_index.more	23
abstract_inverted_index.only	123
abstract_inverted_index.this	69
abstract_inverted_index.type	108
abstract_inverted_index.used	127
abstract_inverted_index.very	44
abstract_inverted_index.with	93
abstract_inverted_index.Shape	135
abstract_inverted_index.These	38
abstract_inverted_index.apply	146
abstract_inverted_index.found	131
abstract_inverted_index.heavy	60
abstract_inverted_index.least	34
abstract_inverted_index.order	144
abstract_inverted_index.their	47
abstract_inverted_index.easily	105
abstract_inverted_index.finite	5, 17, 52, 90, 151
abstract_inverted_index.linear	36
abstract_inverted_index.manage	106
abstract_inverted_index.method	19
abstract_inverted_index.models	114
abstract_inverted_index.reduce	28
abstract_inverted_index.where,	115
abstract_inverted_index.achieve	22
abstract_inverted_index.because	57
abstract_inverted_index.element	6, 18, 53, 91
abstract_inverted_index.methods	7, 43, 80, 86
abstract_inverted_index.permits	103
abstract_inverted_index.present	72
abstract_inverted_index.results	25
abstract_inverted_index.Abstract	0
abstract_inverted_index.ES‐FEM	77
abstract_inverted_index.FS‐FEM	79, 129, 147
abstract_inverted_index.However,	46
abstract_inverted_index.accurate	24
abstract_inverted_index.allowing	20, 81
abstract_inverted_index.article,	70
abstract_inverted_index.authors'	121
abstract_inverted_index.element,	110
abstract_inverted_index.element.	152
abstract_inverted_index.elements	125, 140
abstract_inverted_index.modified	13
abstract_inverted_index.proposed	142
abstract_inverted_index.requires	59
abstract_inverted_index.smoothed	4
abstract_inverted_index.standard	51, 89, 150
abstract_inverted_index.versions	14
abstract_inverted_index.(ES‐FEM	8
abstract_inverted_index.FS‐FEM,	10
abstract_inverted_index.Moreover,	99
abstract_inverted_index.elements.	37
abstract_inverted_index.extensive	62
abstract_inverted_index.functions	136
abstract_inverted_index.implement	83
abstract_inverted_index.especially	111
abstract_inverted_index.knowledge,	122
abstract_inverted_index.nontrivial	56
abstract_inverted_index.properties	39
abstract_inverted_index.attractive.	45
abstract_inverted_index.distortion,	32
abstract_inverted_index.formulation	75, 102
abstract_inverted_index.literature.	134
abstract_inverted_index.sensitivity	29
abstract_inverted_index.tetrahedral	124
abstract_inverted_index.Edge‐based	1
abstract_inverted_index.applications	130
abstract_inverted_index.face‐based	3
abstract_inverted_index.architecture.	67, 98
abstract_inverted_index.modifications	63, 95
abstract_inverted_index.non‐simplex	138
abstract_inverted_index.respectively)	11
abstract_inverted_index.implementation	48
abstract_inverted_index.element‐based	74, 101
cited_by_percentile_year.max	97
cited_by_percentile_year.min	90
countries_distinct_count	3
institutions_distinct_count	4
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.59134964
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False