An Improved 3D OPC Method for the Fabrication of High-Fidelity Micro Fresnel Lenses Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1
Based on three-dimensional optical proximity correction (3D OPC), recent advancements in 3D lithography have enabled the high-fidelity customization of 3D micro-optical elements. However, micron-to-millimeter scale structures represented by Fresnel lens design bring more stringent requirements for 3D OPC, which poses significant challenges to the accuracy of models and the efficiency of algorithms. Thus, a lithographic model based on optical imaging and photo-chemical reaction curve is developed in this paper, and a sub-domain division method with a statistics principle is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of 3D OPC. Both the simulation and the experimental results showed the superiority of the proposed 3D OPC method in the fabrication of the Fresnel lenses. The computation memory requirements of the 3D OPC are reduced to below 1 %, and the profile error of the fabricated Fresnel lens reduced 79.98%. Applying the Fresnel lenses to an imaging system, the average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the image increased by 18.92 %, and the average contrast of the image enhanced by 36 %. We believe the proposed 3D OPC method can be extended to the fabrication of vision-correcting ophthalmological lenses.
Related Topics
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1
- https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/download
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 45
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4388646793
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4388646793Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
An Improved 3D OPC Method for the Fabrication of High-Fidelity Micro Fresnel LensesWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-11-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Fei Peng, Chao Sun, Hui Wan, Chengqun GuiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/downloadDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/downloadDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Fresnel lens, Lens (geology), Fresnel zone, Lithography, Optics, Fabrication, Computer science, Optical proximity correction, Materials science, Physics, Medicine, Alternative medicine, Pathology, DiffractionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
45Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4388646793 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4388646793 |
| fwci | 0.21710825 |
| type | preprint |
| title | An Improved 3D OPC Method for the Fabrication of High-Fidelity Micro Fresnel Lenses |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T13114 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9994000196456909 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2214 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Media Technology |
| topics[0].display_name | Image Processing Techniques and Applications |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T14158 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Optical Systems and Laser Technology |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11517 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9976999759674072 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced optical system design |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2781358867 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7933731079101562 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14672 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Fresnel lens |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C15336307 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.623086154460907 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Lens (geology) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C200292535 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6126483082771301 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455719 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Fresnel zone |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C204223013 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.574376106262207 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Lithography |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5673882365226746 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C136525101 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.509921669960022 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Fabrication |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.46686410903930664 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C78371743 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.44656920433044434 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672829 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Optical proximity correction |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.42342495918273926 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.15825334191322327 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C204787440 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Alternative medicine |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C207114421 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Diffraction |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-lens |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7933731079101562 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Fresnel lens |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lens |
| keywords[1].score | 0.623086154460907 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Lens (geology) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-zone |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6126483082771301 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Fresnel zone |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lithography |
| keywords[3].score | 0.574376106262207 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Lithography |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5673882365226746 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication |
| keywords[5].score | 0.509921669960022 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Fabrication |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.46686410903930664 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-proximity-correction |
| keywords[7].score | 0.44656920433044434 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Optical proximity correction |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.42342495918273926 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.15825334191322327 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S6309402219 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Preprints.org |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/download |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070727342 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-6804 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Fei Peng |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033vjfk17 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Wuhan University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Fei Peng |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077875048 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6343 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Chao Sun |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033vjfk17 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Wuhan University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Chao Sun |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023448998 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-5469 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Hui Wan |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033vjfk17 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Wuhan University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Hui Wan |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100557932 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Chengqun Gui |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033vjfk17 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I37461747 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Wuhan University |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Chengqun Gui |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, 430000, China; |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/download |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | An Improved 3D OPC Method for the Fabrication of High-Fidelity Micro Fresnel Lenses |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T13114 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9994000196456909 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2214 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Media Technology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Image Processing Techniques and Applications |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2149109886, https://openalex.org/W2802459864, https://openalex.org/W4306406015, https://openalex.org/W2807829326, https://openalex.org/W2125031708, https://openalex.org/W2027937467, https://openalex.org/W1969591015, https://openalex.org/W2368778209, https://openalex.org/W2392948914, https://openalex.org/W3143665566 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S6309402219 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Preprints.org |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/download |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S6309402219 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Preprints.org |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202311.0776/v1/download |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0776.v1 |
| publication_date | 2023-11-13 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2899962708, https://openalex.org/W4224324614, https://openalex.org/W1994017336, https://openalex.org/W2895892400, https://openalex.org/W2802510335, https://openalex.org/W2516151596, https://openalex.org/W4309243761, https://openalex.org/W4297990758, https://openalex.org/W4200274976, https://openalex.org/W3014609554, https://openalex.org/W4224209635, https://openalex.org/W3199897915, https://openalex.org/W4296987149, https://openalex.org/W3040032943, https://openalex.org/W4309075849, https://openalex.org/W3201305819, https://openalex.org/W2809900749, https://openalex.org/W4294183061, https://openalex.org/W4313389033, https://openalex.org/W2475472003, https://openalex.org/W2885618600, https://openalex.org/W2753417879, https://openalex.org/W2805618985, https://openalex.org/W3126792075, https://openalex.org/W2036552973, https://openalex.org/W2167603796, https://openalex.org/W1968557601, https://openalex.org/W2595155430, https://openalex.org/W2804428498, https://openalex.org/W2908678311, https://openalex.org/W2978773594, https://openalex.org/W2902576136, https://openalex.org/W3035923175, https://openalex.org/W4206160494, https://openalex.org/W4280596725, https://openalex.org/W2112478178, https://openalex.org/W2167442567, https://openalex.org/W1964302169, https://openalex.org/W6677301862, https://openalex.org/W2081324544, https://openalex.org/W2112919040, https://openalex.org/W2088556472, https://openalex.org/W589621558, https://openalex.org/W2979440658, https://openalex.org/W2065035138 |
| referenced_works_count | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 53, 70, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.%, | 125, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.%. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.36 | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3D | 11, 19, 36, 87, 102, 118, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 27, 157, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 10, 66, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 64, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 18, 45, 50, 86, 99, 108, 116, 130, 153, 164, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 1, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 42, 80, 122, 141, 149, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3D | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OPC | 103, 119, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 47, 60, 69, 84, 92, 126, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 15, 43, 48, 82, 90, 93, 97, 100, 106, 109, 117, 127, 131, 138, 145, 154, 161, 165, 173, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Both | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OPC, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OPC. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lens | 29, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peak | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.18.92 | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Based | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OPC), | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thus, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.below | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bring | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.curve | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.image | 155, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.poses | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PSNR) | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lenses | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.memory | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 73, 104, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.79.98%. | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fresnel | 28, 110, 133, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 146, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.believe | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enabled | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging | 59, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lenses. | 111, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optical | 3, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profile | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 121, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Applying | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 44, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.division | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 79, 101, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elements. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principle | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proximity | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stringent | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correction | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 49, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fabricated | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistics | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-domain | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms. | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computation | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fabrication | 107, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lithography | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represented | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superiority | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advancements | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lithographic | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 34, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.customization | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-fidelity | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.micro-optical | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photo-chemical | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ophthalmological | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-dimensional | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vision-correcting | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.micron-to-millimeter | 23 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8100000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.5544086 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |