An Overview of Variants and Advancements of PSO Algorithm Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most famous swarm-based optimization techniques inspired by nature. Due to its properties of flexibility and easy implementation, there is an enormous increase in the popularity of this nature-inspired technique. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has gained prompt attention from every field of researchers. Since its origin in 1995 till now, researchers have improved the original Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in varying ways. They have derived new versions of it, such as the published theoretical studies on various parameters of PSO, proposed many variants of the algorithm and numerous other advances. In the present paper, an overview of the PSO algorithm is presented. On the one hand, the basic concepts and parameters of PSO are explained, on the other hand, various advances in relation to PSO, including its modifications, extensions, hybridization, theoretical analysis, are included.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 540
- References
- 76
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4293027896
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4293027896Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
An Overview of Variants and Advancements of PSO AlgorithmWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-08-23Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Meetu Jain, Vibha Saihjpal, Narinder Singh, Satya Bir SinghList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Particle swarm optimization, Computer science, Swarm behaviour, Flexibility (engineering), Multi-swarm optimization, Mathematical optimization, Metaheuristic, Algorithm, Artificial intelligence, Mathematics, StatisticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
540Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 227, 2024: 216, 2023: 95, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
76Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4293027896 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4293027896 |
| fwci | 105.73136296 |
| type | article |
| title | An Overview of Variants and Advancements of PSO Algorithm |
| biblio.issue | 17 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 8392 |
| biblio.first_page | 8392 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10100 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[0].display_name | Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13717 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9922000169754028 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Advanced Algorithms and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12676 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9100000262260437 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[2].display_name | Machine Learning and ELM |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C85617194 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7612748146057129 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Particle swarm optimization |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5817524194717407 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C181335050 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5258146524429321 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Swarm behaviour |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2780598303 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.512262761592865 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Flexibility (engineering) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C122357587 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5058650374412537 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Multi-swarm optimization |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C126255220 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.46747350692749023 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C109718341 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4424859285354614 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Metaheuristic |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.325644314289093 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.24704495072364807 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.19268855452537537 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7612748146057129 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Particle swarm optimization |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5817524194717407 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5258146524429321 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Swarm behaviour |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility |
| keywords[3].score | 0.512262761592865 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Flexibility (engineering) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5058650374412537 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Multi-swarm optimization |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization |
| keywords[5].score | 0.46747350692749023 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4424859285354614 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Metaheuristic |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[7].score | 0.325644314289093 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[8].score | 0.24704495072364807 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.19268855452537537 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mathematics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/app12178392 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210205812 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2076-3417 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2076-3417 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Applied Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:255fab01138042b7a44794b0e41e4d1b |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 17, p 8392 (2022) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/255fab01138042b7a44794b0e41e4d1b |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2076-3417/12/17/8392/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Applied Sciences; Volume 12; Issue 17; Pages: 8392 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178392 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052558533 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3441-6130 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Meetu Jain |
| authorships[0].countries | IN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xdn8y92 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Punjabi University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Meetu Jain |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088689021 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Vibha Saihjpal |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University College, Chunni Kalan, Dist. Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala 140307, Punjab, India |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Vibha Saihjpal |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | University College, Chunni Kalan, Dist. Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala 140307, Punjab, India |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101735147 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-0188 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Narinder Singh |
| authorships[2].countries | IN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xdn8y92 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Punjabi University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Narinder Singh |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101028060 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-4903 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Satya Bir Singh |
| authorships[3].countries | IN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xdn8y92 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Punjabi University |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Satya Bir Singh |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | An Overview of Variants and Advancements of PSO Algorithm |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10100 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| primary_topic.display_name | Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2006324351, https://openalex.org/W2965421953, https://openalex.org/W2133833450, https://openalex.org/W2349895019, https://openalex.org/W2116074880, https://openalex.org/W2950423922, https://openalex.org/W2070977815, https://openalex.org/W2121780490, https://openalex.org/W2137136732, https://openalex.org/W2161494499 |
| cited_by_count | 540 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 227 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 216 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 95 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/app12178392 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210205812 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2076-3417 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2076-3417 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Applied Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/app12178392 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210205812 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2076-3417 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2076-3417 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Applied Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/17/8392/pdf?version=1661250377 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178392 |
| publication_date | 2022-08-23 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3211434935, https://openalex.org/W3147468181, https://openalex.org/W3046463181, https://openalex.org/W3163903840, https://openalex.org/W3035840132, https://openalex.org/W3114640095, https://openalex.org/W2995428710, https://openalex.org/W3045554909, https://openalex.org/W2919979744, https://openalex.org/W2218206653, https://openalex.org/W1570180898, https://openalex.org/W2151554678, https://openalex.org/W6682642761, https://openalex.org/W6684237752, https://openalex.org/W2798741797, https://openalex.org/W2145113795, https://openalex.org/W1907706552, https://openalex.org/W2169245194, https://openalex.org/W1875348914, https://openalex.org/W2111393363, https://openalex.org/W3135423326, https://openalex.org/W2169250298, https://openalex.org/W6676970391, https://openalex.org/W6678903421, https://openalex.org/W2139339670, https://openalex.org/W6998940327, https://openalex.org/W6675999727, https://openalex.org/W2734351828, https://openalex.org/W2095003442, https://openalex.org/W2123808725, https://openalex.org/W6903893187, https://openalex.org/W6674420161, https://openalex.org/W6640192331, https://openalex.org/W95298688, https://openalex.org/W156721468, https://openalex.org/W2550539074, https://openalex.org/W3032399187, https://openalex.org/W2735176342, https://openalex.org/W2313039617, https://openalex.org/W2767250515, https://openalex.org/W6796721986, https://openalex.org/W6638374719, https://openalex.org/W2156360140, https://openalex.org/W2148690596, https://openalex.org/W6640895745, https://openalex.org/W2018700453, https://openalex.org/W2041469456, https://openalex.org/W2067301991, https://openalex.org/W3003845456, https://openalex.org/W2053839720, https://openalex.org/W6805739330, https://openalex.org/W2143055330, https://openalex.org/W3161400373, https://openalex.org/W3128826722, https://openalex.org/W6725678797, https://openalex.org/W3186411536, https://openalex.org/W3173719941, https://openalex.org/W6809381918, https://openalex.org/W4210433079, https://openalex.org/W2024840758, https://openalex.org/W2107128843, https://openalex.org/W2204857005, https://openalex.org/W6685625979, https://openalex.org/W2770249762, https://openalex.org/W2905312368, https://openalex.org/W3048894475, https://openalex.org/W6658918073, https://openalex.org/W4214562563, https://openalex.org/W2183843206, https://openalex.org/W3173346396, https://openalex.org/W1953766815, https://openalex.org/W1910051714, https://openalex.org/W2512342207, https://openalex.org/W4205819106, https://openalex.org/W2033884996, https://openalex.org/W2094859983 |
| referenced_works_count | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 27, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 30, 53, 66, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4, 26, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 6, 20, 33, 48, 74, 85, 90, 103, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 82, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 17, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Due | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PSO | 105, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 93, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 120, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 18, 51, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 5, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 31, 60, 78, 91, 98, 104, 110, 113, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1995 | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PSO, | 86, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.They | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easy | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 58, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.now, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.till | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PSO) | 3, 40, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Since | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basic | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.every | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hand, | 112, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 95, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swarm | 1, 38, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ways. | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.famous | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gained | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.origin | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prompt | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derived | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 83, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varying | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Particle | 0, 37, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advances | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concepts | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enormous | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inspired | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerous | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.original | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overview | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relation | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variants | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versions | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advances. | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 92, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.published | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explained, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 84, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.popularity | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented. | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensions, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexibility | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swarm-based | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretical | 80, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 2, 11, 39, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers. | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hybridization, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modifications, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature-inspired | 35 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5052558533 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79161377 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99956793 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |