An upper pressure limit for low-Z benign termination of runaway electron beams in TCV Article Swipe
Hoppe M
,
J. Decker
,
U. Sheikh
,
S. Coda
,
C. Colandrea
,
B. Duval
,
Ondrej Ficker
,
P. Halldestam
,
S. Jachmich
,
M Lehnen
,
H Reimerdes
,
C. Paz-Soldan
,
M. Pedrini
,
C. Reux
,
L. Simons
,
B. Vincent
,
T. Wijkamp
,
M. Zurita
,
the TCV team
,
the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5
We present a model for the particle balance in the post-disruption runaway electron plateau phase of a tokamak discharge. The model is constructed with the help of, and applied to, experimental data from TCV discharges investigating the so-called ‘low- Z benign termination’ runaway electron mitigation scheme. In the benign termination scheme, the free electron density is first reduced in order for a subsequently induced MHD instability to grow rapidly and spread the runaway electrons widely across the wall. We show that the observed non-monotonic dependence of the free electron density with the measured neutral pressure is due to plasma re-ionization induced by runaway electron impact ionization. At higher neutral pressures, more target particles are present in the plasma for runaway electrons to collide with and ionize. Parameter scans are conducted to clarify the role of the runaway electron density and energy on the free electron density, and it is found that only the runaway electron density has a noticeable impact. While the free electron density is shown to be related to the spread of heat fluxes at termination, the exact cause for the upper neutral pressure limit remains undetermined and an object for further study.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 21
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408220960
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4408220960Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
An upper pressure limit for low-Z benign termination of runaway electron beams in TCVWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-05Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Hoppe M, J. Decker, U. Sheikh, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, B. Duval, Ondrej Ficker, P. Halldestam, S. Jachmich, M Lehnen, H Reimerdes, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Pedrini, C. Reux, L. Simons, B. Vincent, T. Wijkamp, M. Zurita, the TCV team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation TeamList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Limit (mathematics), Electron, Materials science, Atomic physics, Physics, Nuclear physics, Mathematical analysis, MathematicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
21Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4408220960 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4408220960 |
| fwci | 2.91341089 |
| type | article |
| title | An upper pressure limit for low-Z benign termination of runaway electron beams in TCV |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G6674480314 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320337480 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | DE-SC0022270 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Basic Energy Sciences |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G2293481551 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334323 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 101052200 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Euratom Research and Training Programme |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 67 |
| biblio.last_page | 045015 |
| biblio.first_page | 045015 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320334323 |
| grants[0].award_id | 101052200 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Euratom Research and Training Programme |
| grants[1].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320337480 |
| grants[1].award_id | DE-SC0022270 |
| grants[1].funder_display_name | Basic Energy Sciences |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| topics[0].display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10592 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9972000122070312 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Fusion materials and technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11367 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9965999722480774 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Particle accelerators and beam dynamics |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334323 |
| funders[0].ror | |
| funders[0].display_name | Euratom Research and Training Programme |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320337480 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/05mg91w61 |
| funders[1].display_name | Basic Energy Sciences |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C151201525 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6812951564788818 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Limit (mathematics) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C147120987 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.571487545967102 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Electron |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4559323489665985 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C184779094 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.41549789905548096 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Atomic physics |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.37836647033691406 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C185544564 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.37080949544906616 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/limit |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6812951564788818 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Limit (mathematics) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electron |
| keywords[1].score | 0.571487545967102 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Electron |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4559323489665985 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics |
| keywords[3].score | 0.41549789905548096 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Atomic physics |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[4].score | 0.37836647033691406 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.37080949544906616 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S75093782 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0741-3335, 1361-6587 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0741-3335 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320083 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | IOP Publishing |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320083, https://openalex.org/P4310311669 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | IOP Publishing, Institute of Physics |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:2527379 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2527379 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:2530785 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2530785 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2009114296 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-6105 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Hoppe M |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | M Hoppe |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2100561461 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-2653 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | J. Decker |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | J Decker |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2469104196 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-2489 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | U. Sheikh |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | U Sheikh |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2015034829 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-4971 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | S. Coda |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | S Coda |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A3095993625 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | C. Colandrea |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | C Colandrea |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2125448243 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | B. Duval |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | B Duval |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A1927611365 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6418-9517 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Ondrej Ficker |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | O Ficker |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A4361127865 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-2304 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | P. Halldestam |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | P Halldestam |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2640887906 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | S. Jachmich |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | S Jachmich |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2313568700 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-8803 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | M Lehnen |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | M Lehnen |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2311238288 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-1519 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | H Reimerdes |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | H Reimerdes |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2784480185 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-4934 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | C. Paz-Soldan |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | C Paz-Soldan |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2012618862 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8168-2312 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | M. Pedrini |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | M Pedrini |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2055064863 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-4326 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | C. Reux |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | C Reux |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2069971287 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-5076 |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | L. Simons |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | L Simons |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2002519737 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | B. Vincent |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | B Vincent |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088646082 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-8682 |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | T. Wijkamp |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | T Wijkamp |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2096420194 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-4865 |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | M. Zurita |
| authorships[17].author_position | middle |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | M Zurita |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[18].author.id | https://openalex.org/A4369375117 |
| authorships[18].author.orcid | |
| authorships[18].author.display_name | the TCV team |
| authorships[18].author_position | middle |
| authorships[18].raw_author_name | the TCV Team |
| authorships[18].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[19].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5104343799 |
| authorships[19].author.orcid | |
| authorships[19].author.display_name | the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team |
| authorships[19].author_position | last |
| authorships[19].raw_author_name | the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team |
| authorships[19].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | An upper pressure limit for low-Z benign termination of runaway electron beams in TCV |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2935759653, https://openalex.org/W3105167352, https://openalex.org/W54078636, https://openalex.org/W2954470139, https://openalex.org/W1501425562, https://openalex.org/W2902782467, https://openalex.org/W3084825885, https://openalex.org/W2298861036, https://openalex.org/W2271181815 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S75093782 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0741-3335, 1361-6587 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0741-3335 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320083 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | IOP Publishing |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320083, https://openalex.org/P4310311669 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | IOP Publishing, Institute of Physics |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S75093782 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0741-3335, 1361-6587 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0741-3335 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320083 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | IOP Publishing |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320083, https://openalex.org/P4310311669 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | IOP Publishing, Institute of Physics |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/adbcd5 |
| publication_date | 2025-03-05 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2017407217, https://openalex.org/W2019308355, https://openalex.org/W4361006955, https://openalex.org/W4391710151, https://openalex.org/W4221146987, https://openalex.org/W4399380146, https://openalex.org/W3158439464, https://openalex.org/W3170924895, https://openalex.org/W3123841897, https://openalex.org/W4317469215, https://openalex.org/W4387667482, https://openalex.org/W3201104969, https://openalex.org/W4390815065, https://openalex.org/W4403868339, https://openalex.org/W4211016758, https://openalex.org/W2126155937, https://openalex.org/W2995110736, https://openalex.org/W3145099772, https://openalex.org/W2840017086, https://openalex.org/W2961543768, https://openalex.org/W4312155079 |
| referenced_works_count | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Z | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 17, 62, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.At | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 1, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 9, 59, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 22, 56, 96, 149, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 16, 86, 135, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 67, 98, 122, 131, 168, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MHD | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TCV | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 28, 70, 125, 140, 147, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 114, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 5, 61, 119, 182, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6, 10, 25, 37, 48, 52, 72, 77, 82, 87, 92, 117, 133, 136, 143, 153, 162, 172, 179, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.free | 53, 88, 144, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grow | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heat | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.help | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 81, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 24, 91, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.While | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cause | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exact | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limit | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 4, 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scans | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upper | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wall. | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benign | 41, 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluxes | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.object | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plasma | 99, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spread | 71, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study. | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applied | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balance | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clarify | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collide | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density | 55, 90, 139, 156, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact. | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.induced | 64, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ionize. | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutral | 94, 109, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plateau | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 2, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rapidly | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.runaway | 12, 43, 73, 103, 120, 137, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme. | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tokamak | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘low- | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 13, 44, 54, 89, 104, 138, 145, 155, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particle | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 95, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Parameter | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrons | 74, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particles | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so-called | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependence | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discharge. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discharges | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigation | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noticeable | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressures, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constructed | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instability | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ionization. | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.termination | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequently | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.termination, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undetermined | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigating | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-monotonic | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.re-ionization | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.termination’ | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-disruption | 11 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 18 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.89110245 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |