Analysis of Alkali in Bayer Red Mud: Content and Occurrence State in Different Structures Article Swipe
Xiao Wang
,
Haowen Jing
,
Maoliang Zhang
,
Jianwei Li
,
Yan Ma
,
Liang Yan
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686
The application of large amounts of red mud in the field of building materials is one of the main ways to reuse this material, but the high alkali content of red mud limits its application. In this paper, the washable alkali, removable alkali, and lattice alkali contents of Bayer red mud were studied, and the occurrence states of potassium and sodium in red mud were studied using XRD, IR, XPS, and NMR. On this basis, the removal mechanism for potassium and sodium in red mud was analyzed. The results showed that the Na in the red mud was mainly deposited in the shelf silicon voids of hydroxy sodalite (Na8(AlSiO4)6(OH)2(H2O)2) in the form of Si-O-Na or Al-O-Na. K is deposited in the shelf silico-oxygen void of potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8) in the form of Si-O-K or Al-O-K. The washable Na and K contents of the mud were 13.7% and 4.47%; the alkali removal agent CaO removed 83.1% and 50.8% of Na and K in the red mud; and the lattice alkali Na and K contents were 3.20% and 44.8%, respectively. In the process of red mud dealkalization, Ca2+ ions can enter the internal voids of the hydroxyl sodalite and potassium feldspar silica skeleton and then replace Al3+ in the Si-O skeleton and Na+ and K+ in the skeleton voids. The replacement reaction changes the silica tetrahedron network structure, resulting in the disintegration of the frame-like silica tetrahedron in the hydroxyl sodalite and potassium feldspar, forming an isolated, island-like silica tetrahedron in hydrated garnet.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686
- https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 7
- References
- 47
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4386069738
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4386069738Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Analysis of Alkali in Bayer Red Mud: Content and Occurrence State in Different StructuresWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-08-22Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Xiao Wang, Haowen Jing, Maoliang Zhang, Jianwei Li, Yan Ma, Liang YanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Sodalite, Alkali metal, Red mud, Potassium, Chemistry, Sodium aluminosilicate, Mineralogy, Feldspar, Sodium, Aluminosilicate, Nuclear chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Materials science, Zeolite, Metallurgy, Organic chemistry, Catalysis, Physical chemistry, QuartzTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
7Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
47Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4386069738 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4386069738 |
| fwci | 1.29157784 |
| type | article |
| title | Analysis of Alkali in Bayer Red Mud: Content and Occurrence State in Different Structures |
| biblio.issue | 17 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 12686 |
| biblio.first_page | 12686 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12774 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Bauxite Residue and Utilization |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13046 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9279000163078308 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2778879675 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8717232346534729 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410759 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Sodalite |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C198091228 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.806239128112793 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19557 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Alkali metal |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2781289256 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.734233021736145 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747996 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Red mud |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C517785266 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6622360944747925 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Potassium |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5844210386276245 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2778920558 |
| concepts[5].level | 4 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5111337304115295 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724424 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Sodium aluminosilicate |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C199289684 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5013940334320068 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Mineralogy |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2778520076 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4524863064289093 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170258 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Feldspar |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C537181965 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4267846345901489 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Sodium |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C85704489 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4265567362308502 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q429979 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Aluminosilicate |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C13965031 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3861348330974579 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Nuclear chemistry |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C179104552 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.32035040855407715 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Inorganic chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.28464534878730774 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C2778077586 |
| concepts[13].level | 3 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.2700267434120178 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181332 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Zeolite |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C191897082 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2089710831642151 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Metallurgy |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.12298122048377991 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C161790260 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.10486125946044922 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Catalysis |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C147789679 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Physical chemistry |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C2779870107 |
| concepts[18].level | 2 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Quartz |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sodalite |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8717232346534729 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Sodalite |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-metal |
| keywords[1].score | 0.806239128112793 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Alkali metal |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/red-mud |
| keywords[2].score | 0.734233021736145 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Red mud |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6622360944747925 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Potassium |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5844210386276245 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-aluminosilicate |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5111337304115295 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Sodium aluminosilicate |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5013940334320068 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Mineralogy |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/feldspar |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4524863064289093 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Feldspar |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4267846345901489 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Sodium |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminosilicate |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4265567362308502 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Aluminosilicate |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-chemistry |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3861348330974579 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Nuclear chemistry |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/inorganic-chemistry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.32035040855407715 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Inorganic chemistry |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.28464534878730774 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/zeolite |
| keywords[13].score | 0.2700267434120178 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Zeolite |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2089710831642151 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Metallurgy |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry |
| keywords[15].score | 0.12298122048377991 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis |
| keywords[16].score | 0.10486125946044922 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Catalysis |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/su151712686 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sustainability |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2071-1050/15/17/12686/ |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Text |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sustainability; Volume 15; Issue 17; Pages: 12686 |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712686 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100411530 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-2483 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Xiao Wang |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03acrzv41 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Xiao Wang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101236399 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Haowen Jing |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03acrzv41 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Haowen Jing |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010805089 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-562X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Maoliang Zhang |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hy87220 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Henan Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Maoliang Zhang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100410888 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-2612 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Jianwei Li |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hy87220 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Henan Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jianwei Li |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101264197 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Yan Ma |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hy87220 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Henan Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Yan Ma |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101661233 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-7813 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Liang Yan |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03acrzv41 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I198645480 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Liang Yan |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Analysis of Alkali in Bayer Red Mud: Content and Occurrence State in Different Structures |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12774 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Bauxite Residue and Utilization |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W313772946, https://openalex.org/W1982163414, https://openalex.org/W1922584257, https://openalex.org/W181202542, https://openalex.org/W2364281160, https://openalex.org/W2117337103, https://openalex.org/W1976322026, https://openalex.org/W2094610979, https://openalex.org/W1991885130, https://openalex.org/W2042482967 |
| cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 5 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/su151712686 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sustainability |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/su151712686 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sustainability |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/17/12686/pdf?version=1692696659 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712686 |
| publication_date | 2023-08-22 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4320340701, https://openalex.org/W4313460007, https://openalex.org/W4283522288, https://openalex.org/W4323052053, https://openalex.org/W4313481928, https://openalex.org/W3105182719, https://openalex.org/W4292940367, https://openalex.org/W4283773118, https://openalex.org/W4312220303, https://openalex.org/W4313360918, https://openalex.org/W4224881902, https://openalex.org/W4318273616, https://openalex.org/W4290793029, https://openalex.org/W4211254692, https://openalex.org/W4313656022, https://openalex.org/W4313212498, https://openalex.org/W4220684259, https://openalex.org/W4214702035, https://openalex.org/W2540191771, https://openalex.org/W4311277696, https://openalex.org/W4283204446, https://openalex.org/W4311858533, https://openalex.org/W1976978189, https://openalex.org/W4320474786, https://openalex.org/W4319322454, https://openalex.org/W2326840142, https://openalex.org/W4206136823, https://openalex.org/W4280611243, https://openalex.org/W3045524560, https://openalex.org/W4308970416, https://openalex.org/W4224301129, https://openalex.org/W2064695782, https://openalex.org/W4285585268, https://openalex.org/W2072773887, https://openalex.org/W4220728650, https://openalex.org/W4280625792, https://openalex.org/W4285110299, https://openalex.org/W3198068644, https://openalex.org/W4293531158, https://openalex.org/W2776349657, https://openalex.org/W4309507174, https://openalex.org/W4320341107, https://openalex.org/W2989755028, https://openalex.org/W4382656788, https://openalex.org/W4308197119, https://openalex.org/W2272885826, https://openalex.org/W4327921235 |
| referenced_works_count | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.K | 116, 139, 160, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 35, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.K+ | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Na | 92, 137, 158, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 8, 61, 82, 93, 100, 109, 119, 128, 161, 205, 213, 227, 235, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 14, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 5, 11, 16, 29, 47, 57, 105, 112, 124, 131, 141, 157, 181, 192, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 114, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CaO | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IR, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Na+ | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 87, 135, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 43, 53, 59, 70, 80, 138, 146, 155, 159, 165, 170, 175, 196, 201, 209, 211, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mud | 7, 31, 50, 63, 84, 96, 143, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.red | 6, 30, 49, 62, 83, 95, 163, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 9, 17, 25, 38, 54, 75, 91, 94, 101, 110, 120, 129, 142, 148, 162, 166, 179, 189, 193, 206, 214, 221, 228, 231, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 85, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Al3+ | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ca2+ | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NMR. | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Si-O | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XPS, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XRD, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 111, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ions | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mud; | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 22, 36, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.void | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ways | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 51, 64, 144, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.13.7% | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.20% | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50.8% | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.83.1% | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bayer | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agent | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enter | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reuse | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shelf | 102, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voids | 104, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.47%; | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.44.8%, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Si-O-K | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkali | 27, 45, 149, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basis, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limits | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mainly | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silica | 199, 222, 233, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sodium | 60, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voids. | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Al-O-K. | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Si-O-Na | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkali, | 40, 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amounts | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forming | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.garnet. | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydroxy | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lattice | 44, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removal | 76, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removed | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replace | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Al-O-Na. | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.building | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contents | 46, 140, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feldspar | 126, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrated | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydroxyl | 194, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internal | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skeleton | 200, 208, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sodalite | 107, 195, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.washable | 39, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deposited | 99, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feldspar, | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolated, | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potassium | 58, 79, 125, 197, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removable | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(KAlSi3O8) | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frame-like | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurrence | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure, | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.island-like | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replacement | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tetrahedron | 223, 234, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silico-oxygen | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disintegration | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dealkalization, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Na8(AlSiO4)6(OH)2(H2O)2) | 108 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5010805089 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210091706 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.44999998807907104 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life below water |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.74512673 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |