Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498
The growth of green energy technologies within the frame of the 7th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) along with the concern about climatic changes make nuclear energy an attractive choice for many countries to ensure energy security and sustainable development as well as to actively address environmental issues. Unlike nuclear equipment (immovable goods), which are often well-catalogued and analyzed, the design and manufacturing codes and their standardized materials specifications can be considered movable and intangible goods that have not been thoroughly studied based on a detailed evaluation of the scientific and technical literature on the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials behavior. The aim of this work is the analysis of historical advances in materials properties research and associated standardized design codes requirements. The analysis, based on the consolidated U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.99 Rev.2 model, enables determination of the best materials options, corresponding to some of the most widely used material specifications such as WWER 15Kh2MFAA (used from the 1970s and 1980s; already in operation), ASME SA-533 Grade B Cl.1 (used in pressurized water reactor-PWR 2nd–4th; already in operation), DIN 20MnMoNi55 and DIN 22NiMoCr37 (used in PWR 2nd–4th) as well as ASTM A-336 Grade F22V (current designs). Consequently, in view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the best options correspond to recently developed or well-established specifications used in the design of pressurized water reactors. These assessments endorse the fact that nuclear technology is continually improving, with safety being its fundamental pillar. In the future, further research related to the technical heritage from the evolution of materials requirements for other clean and sustainable power generation technologies will be performed.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498
- https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 53
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3163565441
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3163565441Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing CodesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-05-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Álvaro Rodríguez-Prieto, Mariaenrica Frigione, John Kickhofel, Ana María CamachoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pressurized water reactor, Work (physics), Pressure vessel, Reactor pressure vessel, Nuclear reactor, Engineering, Risk analysis (engineering), Computer science, Construction engineering, Mechanical engineering, Nuclear engineering, BusinessTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1, 2023: 1, 2022: 1, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
53Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3163565441 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 |
| ids.mag | 3163565441 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3163565441 |
| fwci | 0.33524849 |
| type | article |
| title | Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes |
| biblio.issue | 10 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 5498 |
| biblio.first_page | 5498 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11242 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | Nuclear Materials and Properties |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13923 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2213 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
| topics[1].display_name | Nuclear and radioactivity studies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13465 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[2].display_name | Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780406361 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5806604623794556 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377968 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pressurized water reactor |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C18762648 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5350640416145325 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Work (physics) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C131721965 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5025606155395508 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740460 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Pressure vessel |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C179498184 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4442904591560364 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126600 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Reactor pressure vessel |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C541523362 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4345468282699585 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80877 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Nuclear reactor |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.41620054841041565 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C112930515 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.34819138050079346 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Risk analysis (engineering) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.33907684683799744 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C107053488 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.33587247133255005 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Construction engineering |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.30173203349113464 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C116915560 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.26182350516319275 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Nuclear engineering |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.21111440658569336 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Business |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pressurized-water-reactor |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5806604623794556 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pressurized water reactor |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/work |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5350640416145325 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Work (physics) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-vessel |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5025606155395508 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Pressure vessel |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reactor-pressure-vessel |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4442904591560364 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Reactor pressure vessel |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-reactor |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4345468282699585 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Nuclear reactor |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.41620054841041565 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis |
| keywords[6].score | 0.34819138050079346 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Risk analysis (engineering) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[7].score | 0.33907684683799744 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-engineering |
| keywords[8].score | 0.33587247133255005 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Construction engineering |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.30173203349113464 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering |
| keywords[10].score | 0.26182350516319275 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Nuclear engineering |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[11].score | 0.21111440658569336 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Business |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/su13105498 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sustainability |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:zenodo.org:169260 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400562 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I67311998 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | European Organization for Nuclear Research |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I67311998 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Zootaxa, 589, 1-60, (2004-12-31) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/169260 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fcee2c6f65444511992cbf94a2f64534 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 5498, p 5498 (2021) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/fcee2c6f65444511992cbf94a2f64534 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2071-1050/13/10/5498/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Sustainability; Volume 13; Issue 10; Pages: 5498 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 |
| locations[4].id | doi:10.5281/zenodo.169260 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400562 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I67311998 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | European Organization for Nuclear Research |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I67311998 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | |
| locations[4].raw_type | graphic |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.169260 |
| indexed_in | crossref, datacite, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023324108 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-7472 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Álvaro Rodríguez-Prieto |
| authorships[0].countries | ES |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02msb5n36 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Alvaro Rodríguez-Prieto |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034324434 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-6029 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mariaenrica Frigione |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142910587, https://openalex.org/I4210096856 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210096856 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00sxjp357 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210096856 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Innovation Engineering (Italy) |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I142910587 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03fc1k060 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I142910587 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Salento |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Mariaenrica Frigione |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036656480 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-7858 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | John Kickhofel |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Apollo Plus, 7 Weineggstrasse, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | John Kickhofel |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Apollo Plus, 7 Weineggstrasse, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000116325 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-6480 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Ana María Camacho |
| authorships[3].countries | ES |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02msb5n36 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Ana M. Camacho |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11242 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | Nuclear Materials and Properties |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2021513092, https://openalex.org/W2006705793, https://openalex.org/W4244595526, https://openalex.org/W2377480439, https://openalex.org/W2362038432, https://openalex.org/W2378906233, https://openalex.org/W2076021738, https://openalex.org/W172729115, https://openalex.org/W2471917731, https://openalex.org/W330533292 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/su13105498 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sustainability |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/su13105498 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10134376 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2071-1050 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2071-1050 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sustainability |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5498/pdf?version=1621598260 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sustainability |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 |
| publication_date | 2021-05-14 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2008313326, https://openalex.org/W2898257466, https://openalex.org/W2755461203, https://openalex.org/W3122028178, https://openalex.org/W2032100925, https://openalex.org/W2116589662, https://openalex.org/W2988198258, https://openalex.org/W3021943171, https://openalex.org/W1990090356, https://openalex.org/W3112729750, https://openalex.org/W2768660265, https://openalex.org/W6757502112, https://openalex.org/W1633356657, https://openalex.org/W2245882843, https://openalex.org/W2091202444, https://openalex.org/W4241566029, https://openalex.org/W2753659967, https://openalex.org/W2036945256, https://openalex.org/W2623252583, https://openalex.org/W2182631748, https://openalex.org/W6675621868, https://openalex.org/W2079103651, https://openalex.org/W2154557895, https://openalex.org/W1979314140, https://openalex.org/W6647180669, https://openalex.org/W1967226446, https://openalex.org/W6673688477, https://openalex.org/W7005247456, https://openalex.org/W2043264946, https://openalex.org/W1975883021, https://openalex.org/W2767286544, https://openalex.org/W2065039733, https://openalex.org/W2125881276, https://openalex.org/W2046440376, https://openalex.org/W2154981331, https://openalex.org/W2021761125, https://openalex.org/W2912657520, https://openalex.org/W106376906, https://openalex.org/W1967354724, https://openalex.org/W6677396248, https://openalex.org/W2896753520, https://openalex.org/W6640572532, https://openalex.org/W3110291315, https://openalex.org/W2969486638, https://openalex.org/W2495767059, https://openalex.org/W2512203107, https://openalex.org/W2092433280, https://openalex.org/W2115781505, https://openalex.org/W2904345860, https://openalex.org/W1988460679, https://openalex.org/W2103207817, https://openalex.org/W1943237468, https://openalex.org/W2607506223 |
| referenced_works_count | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.B | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 39, 41, 156, 191, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 69, 209, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 111, 166, 174, 180, 188, 201, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 105, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 9, 86, 102, 108, 140, 148, 203, 226, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 82, 92, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 32, 42, 146, 216, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7th | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DIN | 182, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PWR | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 100, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aim | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 36, 56, 60, 63, 72, 89, 115, 163, 184, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 68, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 29, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 10, 18, 58, 87, 93, 106, 125, 141, 149, 161, 204, 212, 224, 233, 248, 254, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RG) | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.99 | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ASME | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ASTM | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cl.1 | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.F22V | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Goal | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.U.S. | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WWER | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 142, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fact | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 160, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 75, 211, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 152, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.view | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 40, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 17, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NRC) | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RPV) | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SDG) | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(used | 159, 173, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1970s | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A-336 | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Grade | 170, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Guide | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rev.2 | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 81, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clean | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.codes | 62, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frame | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goods | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.green | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water | 176, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1980s; | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SA-533 | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Unlike | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choice | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 59, 118, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 4, 25, 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vessel | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nuclear | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.already | 165, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concern | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enables | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.endorse | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future, | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goods), | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues. | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.movable | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nuclear | 24, 48, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.options | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pillar. | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactor | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(current | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actively | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advances | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climatic | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detailed | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heritage | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.options, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recently | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 114, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15Kh2MFAA | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed, | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concluded | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.countries | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs). | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equipment | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolution | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials | 66, 98, 112, 143, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained, | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactors. | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technical | 90, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(immovable | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20MnMoNi55 | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22NiMoCr37 | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2nd–4th) | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2nd–4th; | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Commission | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Regulatory | 129, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attractive | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correspond | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.historical | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving, | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intangible | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed. | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scientific | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thoroughly | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Development | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sustainable | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessments | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continually | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fundamental | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation), | 167, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressurized | 175, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactor-PWR | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable | 37, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consolidated | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardized | 65, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies | 5, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Consequently, | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corresponding | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determination | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufacturing | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements. | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifications | 67, 154, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-catalogued | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-established | 220 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5023324108 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I178450904 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.49806062 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |