Anemonefish use sialic acid metabolism as Trojan horse to avoid giant sea anemone stinging Article Swipe
Natacha Roux
,
Clément Delannoy
,
Shin‐Yi Yu
,
Saori Miura
,
Lilian Carlu
,
Laurence Besseau
,
Takahiro Nakagawa
,
Chihiro Sato
,
Ken Kitajima
,
Yann Guérardel
,
Vincent Laudet
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590498
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590498
Anemonefish association with giant sea anemone is an iconic example of mutualistic symbiosis. Living inside the sea anemone without triggering the firing of highly toxic nematocysts present at the surface of sea anemone tentacles provides a unique shelter to the fish, which in return, by its territorial aggressiveness, protects the sea anemone from predators. The mechanisms by which the fish avoids triggering nematocysts discharge remain elusive. One hypothesis proposes that absence of sialic acids might disable nematocysts discharge. Here, we verified four predictions about the role of sialic acids in anemonefish protection: (i) sialic acid levels are lower in anemonefish mucus than in non-symbiotic and sensitive damselfish mucus; (ii) this decrease is specific to mucus and not observed in other organs; (iii) during post-embryonic development the levels of sialic acids are inversely correlated with the level of protection; (iv) the levels of sialic acids are minimal in sea anemone mucus. Taken together, our results allow us to propose a general model, in which anemonefish specifically regulates the level of sialic acids in their mucus to avoid nematocysts discharge. Our analysis also highlights several genes implicated in sialic acid removal as potential targets for allowing protection. Interestingly, our results also suggest that unrelated juveniles of damselfish ( Dascyllus trimaculatus ) capable to live in proximity with giant sea anemone may use the same mechanisms. Altogether, our data suggest that clownfish use sialic acids as a Trojan horse system to downplay the defenses of the sea anemones and illustrate the convergent tinkering used by fish to allow a mutualistic association with their hosts. Significance statement The mutualistic relationship between anemonefish and giant sea anemones, where the fish shelter among the anemone’s tentacles while defending it from predators, is a classic example of symbiosis. However, how the fish avoids triggering the anemone’s venomous nematocysts has remained a mystery. This study reveals that the fish decrease the levels of sialic acids in their mucus, potentially preventing nematocyst discharge. This finding shed light on the mechanisms underlying this symbiotic relationship. Moreover, the discovery that unrelated damselfish may employ similar strategies underscores the broader significance of convergent adaptations in facilitating similar mutualistic associations in marine fishes.
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- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590498
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/04/26/2024.04.22.590498.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 39
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4395661695
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4395661695Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590498Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Anemonefish use sialic acid metabolism as Trojan horse to avoid giant sea anemone stingingWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-04-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Natacha Roux, Clément Delannoy, Shin‐Yi Yu, Saori Miura, Lilian Carlu, Laurence Besseau, Takahiro Nakagawa, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima, Yann Guérardel, Vincent LaudetList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590498Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/04/26/2024.04.22.590498.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/04/26/2024.04.22.590498.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Trojan horse, Anemone, Sea anemone, Sialic acid, Biology, Cnidaria, Trojan, Metabolism, Zoology, Ecology, Biochemistry, Computer science, Computer security, CoralTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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1Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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39Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.nematocyst | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predators, | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predators. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preventing | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symbiosis. | 13, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.triggering | 20, 62, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Altogether, | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Anemonefish | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptations | 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anemonefish | 91, 100, 164, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anemone’s | 279, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.association | 2, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms. | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutualistic | 12, 257, 265, 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nematocysts | 26, 63, 77, 177, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictions | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protection. | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protection: | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protection; | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.territorial | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscores | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Significance | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associations | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilitating | 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationship | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significance | 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifically | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trimaculatus | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-symbiotic | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationship. | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interestingly, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-embryonic | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggressiveness, | 48 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5089653205 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 11 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142637625 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8899999856948853 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life below water |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.71673662 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |