Antibiotic Resistance and Sewage-Associated Marker Genes in Untreated Sewage and a River Characterized During Baseflow and Stormflow Article Swipe
Warish Ahmed
,
Pradip Gyawali
,
Kerry A. Hamilton
,
Sayalee Joshi
,
David Aster
,
Erica Donner
,
Stuart L. Simpson
,
Erin M. Symonds
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632850
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632850
Since sewage is a hotspot for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the identification of ARGs in environmental waters impacted by sewage, and their correlation to fecal indicators, is necessary to implement management strategies. In this study, sewage treatment plant (STP) influent samples were collected and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the abundance and correlations between sewage-associated markers (i.e., Bacteroides HF183, Lachnospiraceae Lachno3, crAssphage) and ARGs indicating resistance to nine antibiotics (belonging to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines). All ARGs, except bla VIM , and sewage-associated marker genes were always detected in untreated sewage, and ermF and sul1 were detected in the greatest abundances. intl1 was also highly abundant in untreated sewage samples. Significant correlations were identified between sewage-associated marker genes, ARGs and the intl1 in untreated sewage (τ = 0.488, p = 0.0125). Of the three sewage-associated marker genes, the BIO-ENV procedure identified that HF183 alone best maximized correlations to ARGs and intl1 (τ = 0.590). Additionally, grab samples were collected from peri-urban and urban sites along the Brisbane River system during base and stormflow conditions, and analyzed for Escherichia coli , ARGs, the intl1 , and sewage-associated marker genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Significant correlations were identified between E. coli , ARGs, and intl1 (τ = 0.0893, p = 0.0032), as well as with sewage-associated marker genes in water samples from the Brisbane River system (τ = 0.3229, p = 0.0001). Of the sewage-associated marker genes and E. coli , the BIO-ENV procedure identified that crAssphage alone maximized correlations with ARGs and intl1 in river samples (τ = 0.4148). Significant differences in E. coli , ARGs, intl1 , and sewage-associated marker genes, and by flow condition (i.e., base vs. storm), and site types (peri-urban vs. urban) combined were identified ( R = 0.3668, p = 0.0001), where percent dissimilarities between the multi-factorial groups ranged between 20.8 and 11.2%. Results from this study suggest increased levels of certain ARGs and sewage-associated marker genes in stormflow river water samples compared to base flow conditions. E. coli , HF183 and crAssphage may serve as potential indicators of sewage-derived ARGs under stormflow conditions, and this merits further investigation. Data presented in this study will be valuable to water quality managers to understand the links between sewage pollution and ARGs in urban environments.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632850
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 20
- References
- 73
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3170176834
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3170176834Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632850Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Antibiotic Resistance and Sewage-Associated Marker Genes in Untreated Sewage and a River Characterized During Baseflow and StormflowWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-06-11Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Warish Ahmed, Pradip Gyawali, Kerry A. Hamilton, Sayalee Joshi, David Aster, Erica Donner, Stuart L. Simpson, Erin M. SymondsList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632850Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632850Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Sewage, Biology, Antibiotic resistance, Sewage treatment, Polymerase chain reaction, Veterinary medicine, Bacteroides, Microbiology, Gene, Antibiotics, Bacteria, Environmental science, Genetics, Environmental engineering, MedicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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20Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 6, 2024: 3, 2023: 3, 2022: 7, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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73Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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