Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves Article Swipe

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Han Di , Elizabeth A. Pusch , Joyce Jones , Nicholas A. Kovacs , Norman Hassell , Mili Sheth , Kelly Sabrina Lynn , Matthew W. Keller , Malania M. Wilson , Lisa M. Keong , Dan Cui , So Hee Park , Reina Chau , Kristine A. Lacek , Jimma Liddell , Marie K. Kirby , Genyan Yang , Monique Johnson , Sharmi Thor , Natosha Zanders , Chenchen Feng , Diya Surie , Jennifer DeCuir , Sandra Lester , Lydia J. Atherton , Heather Hicks , Azaibi Tamin , Jennifer L. Harcourt , Melissa M. Coughlin , Wesley H. Self , Jillian P. Rhoads , Kevin W. Gibbs , David N. Hager , Nathan I. Shapiro , Matthew C. Exline , Adam S. Lauring , Benjamin L. Rambo‐Martin , Clinton R. Paden , Rebecca Kondor , Justin S. Lee , John Barnes , Natalie J. Thornburg , Bin Zhou , David E. Wentworth , C. Todd Davis ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050505

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into numerous lineages with unique spike mutations and caused multiple epidemics domestically and globally. Although COVID-19 vaccines are available, new variants with the capacity for immune evasion continue to emerge. To understand and characterize the evolution of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the National SARS-CoV-2 Strain Surveillance (NS3) program and has received thousands of SARS-CoV-2 clinical specimens from across the nation as part of a genotype to phenotype characterization process. Focus reduction neutralization with various antisera was used to antigenically characterize 143 SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Mu and Omicron subvariants from selected clinical specimens received between May 2021 and February 2023, representing a total of 59 unique spike protein sequences. BA.4/5 subvariants BU.1, BQ.1.1, CR.1.1, CQ.2 and BA.4/5 + D420N + K444T; BA.2.75 subvariants BM.4.1.1, BA.2.75.2, CV.1; and recombinant Omicron variants XBF, XBB.1, XBB.1.5 showed the greatest escape from neutralizing antibodies when analyzed against post third-dose original monovalent vaccinee sera. Post fourth-dose bivalent vaccinee sera provided better protection against those subvariants, but substantial reductions in neutralization titers were still observed, especially among BA.4/5 subvariants with both an N-terminal domain (NTD) deletion and receptor binding domain (RBD) substitutions K444M + N460K and recombinant Omicron variants. This analysis demonstrated a framework for long-term systematic genotype to antigenic characterization of circulating and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the U.S., which is critical to assessing their potential impact on the effectiveness of current vaccines and antigen recommendations for future updates.

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Neutralization (Chemistry)

Infectious Diseases (Medical Specialty)

Disease

Histopathology

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Neutralization Virology Recombinant DNA Titer Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Biology Genotype Spike Protein Neutralizing antibody Antigen Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Immune system Immunology Medicine Virus Gene Genetics Infectious disease (medical specialty) Disease Pathology

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050505
PDF: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/5/505/pdf?version=1715087649
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 4
References: 42
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4396707796

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050505

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Title: Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves

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Type: article

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2024

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Publication date: 2024-05-07

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Authors: Han Di, Elizabeth A. Pusch, Joyce Jones, Nicholas A. Kovacs, Norman Hassell, Mili Sheth, Kelly Sabrina Lynn, Matthew W. Keller, Malania M. Wilson, Lisa M. Keong, Dan Cui, So Hee Park, Reina Chau, Kristine A. Lacek, Jimma Liddell, Marie K. Kirby, Genyan Yang, Monique Johnson, Sharmi Thor, Natosha Zanders, Chenchen Feng, Diya Surie, Jennifer DeCuir, Sandra Lester, Lydia J. Atherton, Heather Hicks, Azaibi Tamin, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Melissa M. Coughlin, Wesley H. Self, Jillian P. Rhoads, Kevin W. Gibbs, David N. Hager, Nathan I. Shapiro, Matthew C. Exline, Adam S. Lauring, Benjamin L. Rambo‐Martin, Clinton R. Paden, Rebecca Kondor, Justin S. Lee, John Barnes, Natalie J. Thornburg, Bin Zhou, David E. Wentworth, C. Todd Davis

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050505

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Concepts: Neutralization, Virology, Recombinant DNA, Titer, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Antibody, Biology, Genotype, Spike Protein, Neutralizing antibody, Antigen, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Immune system, Immunology, Medicine, Virus, Gene, Genetics, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Disease, Pathology

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Cited by: 4

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