Antimicrobial use in a pediatric hospital in Kenya: a point prevalence survey to inform antimicrobial stewardship Article Swipe
Jackson Mwangi Mbuthia
,
Nkatha Gitonga
,
Winnie Akoth
,
Susan Mutua
,
Ndinda Kusu
,
Tamara Hafner
,
Mohan P. Joshi
,
Martha Embrey
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199
Introduction A baseline point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted at Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital (GCH), a private pediatric hospital in Kenya, to assess antimicrobial use patterns, adherence to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) protocols, and compliance with treatment guidelines. The survey aimed to provide insights into antimicrobial prescribing practices in a pediatric setting and address a critical gap in data from private healthcare facilities in Kenya. Methods The PPS included all inpatients as of 13 May 2022, excluding those discharged on that date, day cases, and those prescribed topical antimicrobials. Data were collected using a tool adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) PPS standardized methodology, focusing on antimicrobial prescribing trends, compliance with GCH treatment guidelines, and adherence to WHO’s Access, Watch, and Reserve categorization. Results The results showed that 61% of inpatients were on antimicrobials, with systemic antibacterials (J01) being the most prescribed, particularly third-generation cephalosporins, penicillin combinations, and imidazole derivatives. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antimicrobial, and the average number of antimicrobials prescribed per patient was 1.2. Prescribing practices showed a high use of Watch category antibiotics (51%) and a predominant use of the intravenous (IV) route (75%). Discussion Only 50% of prescriptions complied with guidelines and microbiological findings; we identified significant areas for improvement, including the need for structured reviews of antimicrobial prescriptions, better alignment with AMS objectives, and enhanced training on treatment guidelines, diagnostic stewardship, and infection prevention and control. Conclusion The PPS provided valuable data to inform AMS interventions at GCH, the development of policies for IV-to-oral switch criteria, enhancement of the health management system, establishment of antimicrobial ward rounds, and improved education on laboratory result interpretation and appropriate sample collection.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/tropical-diseases/articles/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 11
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- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408161246
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4408161246Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Antimicrobial use in a pediatric hospital in Kenya: a point prevalence survey to inform antimicrobial stewardshipWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-03-05Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Jackson Mwangi Mbuthia, Nkatha Gitonga, Winnie Akoth, Susan Mutua, Ndinda Kusu, Tamara Hafner, Mohan P. Joshi, Martha EmbreyList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199Publisher landing page
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https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/tropical-diseases/articles/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/tropical-diseases/articles/10.3389/fitd.2025.1497199/pdfDirect OA link when available
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Antimicrobial stewardship, Antimicrobial, Medicine, Survey research, Environmental health, Family medicine, Intensive care medicine, Antibiotic resistance, Microbiology, Antibiotics, Socioeconomics, Biology, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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1Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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11Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.day | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 203, 208, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.per | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 95, 138, 151, 157, 183, 206, 244, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 23, 172, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 7, 150, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IV) | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.2. | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Data | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GCH, | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Only | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 56, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 57, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 139, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 78, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ward | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 88, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 33, 109, 133, 194, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(51%) | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AMS) | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(J01) | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PPS) | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WHO) | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2022, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Watch | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.World | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.areas | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.date, | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.route | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 75, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(75%). | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GCH), | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Health | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Kenya, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Kenya. | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Watch, | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inform | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sample | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 125, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survey | 5, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.switch | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Access, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reserve | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WHO’s | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adapted | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.private | 15, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviews | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rounds, | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system, | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topical | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trends, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hospital | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baseline | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.category | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commonly | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complied | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control. | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focusing | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hospital | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.policies | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systemic | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valuable | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adherence | 25, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alignment | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criteria, | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.education | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excluding | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings; | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imidazole | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pediatric | 16, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practices | 45, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 34, 111, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discussion | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IV-to-oral | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compliance | 32, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnostic | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discharged | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilities | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthcare | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inpatients | 68, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.penicillin | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prescribed | 84, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocols, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structured | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ceftriaxone | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Prescribing | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibiotics | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriate | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collection. | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancement | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines, | 112, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines. | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intravenous | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objectives, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predominant | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prescribed, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prescribing | 44, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stewardship | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Children’s | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gertrude’s | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Organization | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derivatives. | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement, | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodology, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardized | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stewardship, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobial | 22, 27, 43, 105, 212, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combinations, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establishment | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interventions | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prescriptions | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibacterials | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobial, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobials | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interpretation | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prescriptions, | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobials, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobials. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categorization. | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cephalosporins, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbiological | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.third-generation | 142 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.83165576 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |