Antioxidant Responses in Chromium-Stressed Maize as Influenced by Foliar and Root Applications of Fulvic Acid Article Swipe
Farwa Iftikhar
,
Asma Zulfiqar
,
Atif Kamran
,
Ammara Saleem
,
Muhammad Zeeshan Arshed
,
Usman Zulfiqar
,
Ivica Djalović
,
P. V. Vara Prasad
,
Walid Soufan
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84803-4
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84803-4
Maize (Zea mays L.) faces significant challenges to its growth and productivity from heavy metal stress, particularly Chromium (Cr) stress, which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and damages photosynthetic tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fulvic acid (FA) application, via foliar spray or root irrigation, on mitigating chromium stress in maize by evaluating its impact on antioxidant activity and growth parameters. Two maize varieties, P3939 and 30Y87, were subjected to chromium stress (CrCl3·6H2O) at concentrations of 300 µM and 100 µM for a duration of 5 weeks. The experiment was conducted in a wire house under natural environmental conditions at the Seed Centre, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Physiological assessments included electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll pigment content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in maize leaves. Growth parameters were also monitored. The results revealed that chromium stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content and increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated MDA levels and electrolyte leakage. However, FA application notably mitigated these effects: chlorophyll content improved by 15%, and MDA levels decreased significantly. Irrigation with FA was particularly effective, reducing MDA levels by 40% compared to the 300 µM chromium treatment. Furthermore, while chromium stress enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, FA application further boosted total soluble protein levels and antioxidant enzyme activities under stress conditions. In conclusion, FA application demonstrates potential in improving maize tolerance to heavy metal stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and preserving photosynthetic pigments. These findings highlight FA's promise as a practical strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of chromium stress on maize, promoting sustainable agricultural practices in contaminated environments.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84803-4
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84803-4.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 57
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406159086
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4406159086Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84803-4Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Antioxidant Responses in Chromium-Stressed Maize as Influenced by Foliar and Root Applications of Fulvic AcidWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-01-08Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Farwa Iftikhar, Asma Zulfiqar, Atif Kamran, Ammara Saleem, Muhammad Zeeshan Arshed, Usman Zulfiqar, Ivica Djalović, P. V. Vara Prasad, Walid SoufanList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84803-4Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84803-4.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84803-4.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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APX, Antioxidant, Catalase, Malondialdehyde, Chemistry, Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll, Oxidative stress, Chromium, Horticulture, Reactive oxygen species, Food science, Peroxidase, Botany, Biochemistry, Biology, Enzyme, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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14Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 14Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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57Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.content, | 123 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 213 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.included | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leakage, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leakage. | 173 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 264 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.Institute | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pakistan. | 115 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 247 |
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| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5014022669, https://openalex.org/A5046084262 |
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| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I174731842, https://openalex.org/I4210090643 |
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| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |