Archipelagic Refugia: Recalibrating Latitudinal Diversity Gradient Theory Article Swipe

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YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17728849

The Latitudinal Diversity Gradient (LDG) stands as one of ecology's most pervasive patterns, describing the general tendency for species richness to increase from the poles to the equator. While broadly accepted, the mechanisms underpinning LDG are complex and subject to ongoing debate, often simplifying the roles of historical processes and spatial heterogeneity. This paper proposes a recalibration of LDG theory by introducing the concept of "archipelagic refugia" as critical, yet often underestimated, drivers of regional biodiversity patterns, particularly in temperate and high-latitude zones. Archipelagic refugia, characterized by their isolation, complex geomorphology, and buffering capacity against extreme climatic fluctuations, can act as biodiversity hotspots and evolutionary cradles, preserving relictual lineages and fostering endemic speciation through vicariance and subsequent dispersal events. We synthesize evidence from phylogeographic studies, paleoclimate reconstructions, and island biogeography to demonstrate how these insular systems deviate from classical LDG expectations. Our theoretical framework posits that the stability and isolation offered by archipelagic landscapes during Quaternary glacial cycles allowed for the persistence of diverse communities in regions otherwise depauperate due to continental glaciations or harsh environmental conditions. By providing examples of such refugia globally, we argue that their unique ecological and evolutionary dynamics necessitate a more nuanced understanding of how global diversity is structured, challenging the strict linear decrease of diversity towards the poles and highlighting their disproportionate contribution to regional and global biodiversity. This recalibration is crucial for effective conservation strategies in a rapidly changing climate, emphasizing the irreplaceable role of these dynamic insular ecosystems.

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Vicariance Ecology Biodiversity Biological dispersal Climate change Biogeography Ectotherm Endemism Species richness Archipelagic state Glacial period Quaternary Geography Diversity (politics) Allopatric speciation Extinction (optical mineralogy) Gradualism Anthropocene Environmental change Phylogeography Global change Species diversity Pleistocene Genetic algorithm Global biodiversity Disequilibrium Beta diversity Earth system science Temperate climate Earth science Ecosystem diversity

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Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17728849
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17728849

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Title: Archipelagic Refugia: Recalibrating Latitudinal Diversity Gradient Theory

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-11-27

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Authors: Revista, Zen, GEOGRAPHY, 10

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Concepts: Vicariance, Ecology, Biodiversity, Biological dispersal, Climate change, Biogeography, Ectotherm, Endemism, Species richness, Archipelagic state, Glacial period, Quaternary, Geography, Diversity (politics), Allopatric speciation, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Gradualism, Anthropocene, Environmental change, Phylogeography, Global change, Species diversity, Pleistocene, Genetic algorithm, Global biodiversity, Disequilibrium, Beta diversity, Earth system science, Temperate climate, Earth science, Ecosystem diversity

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abstract_inverted_index.processes	48
abstract_inverted_index.providing	178
abstract_inverted_index.relictual	107
abstract_inverted_index.stability	147
abstract_inverted_index.temperate	79
abstract_inverted_index.Quaternary	155
abstract_inverted_index.describing	13
abstract_inverted_index.ecological	189
abstract_inverted_index.historical	47
abstract_inverted_index.isolation,	88
abstract_inverted_index.landscapes	153
abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms	32
abstract_inverted_index.preserving	106
abstract_inverted_index.speciation	112
abstract_inverted_index.strategies	231
abstract_inverted_index.subsequent	116
abstract_inverted_index.synthesize	120
abstract_inverted_index.vicariance	114
abstract_inverted_index.Latitudinal	1
abstract_inverted_index.challenging	204
abstract_inverted_index.communities	164
abstract_inverted_index.conditions.	176
abstract_inverted_index.continental	171
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate	131
abstract_inverted_index.depauperate	168
abstract_inverted_index.ecosystems.	245
abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing	237
abstract_inverted_index.glaciations	172
abstract_inverted_index.introducing	61
abstract_inverted_index.necessitate	193
abstract_inverted_index.persistence	161
abstract_inverted_index.simplifying	43
abstract_inverted_index.structured,	203
abstract_inverted_index.theoretical	142
abstract_inverted_index.Archipelagic	83
abstract_inverted_index.archipelagic	152
abstract_inverted_index.biodiversity	75, 101
abstract_inverted_index.biogeography	129
abstract_inverted_index.conservation	230
abstract_inverted_index.contribution	218
abstract_inverted_index.evolutionary	104, 191
abstract_inverted_index.highlighting	215
abstract_inverted_index.paleoclimate	125
abstract_inverted_index.particularly	77
abstract_inverted_index.underpinning	33
abstract_inverted_index."archipelagic	65
abstract_inverted_index.biodiversity.	223
abstract_inverted_index.characterized	85
abstract_inverted_index.environmental	175
abstract_inverted_index.expectations.	140
abstract_inverted_index.fluctuations,	97
abstract_inverted_index.high-latitude	81
abstract_inverted_index.irreplaceable	239
abstract_inverted_index.recalibration	56, 225
abstract_inverted_index.understanding	197
abstract_inverted_index.geomorphology,	90
abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity.	51
abstract_inverted_index.phylogeographic	123
abstract_inverted_index.underestimated,	71
abstract_inverted_index.disproportionate	217
abstract_inverted_index.reconstructions,	126
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	2
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.87219445
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False