Artificial intelligence-based automated matching of pulmonary nodules on follow-up chest CT Article Swipe
Nicola Fink
,
Jonathan I. Sperl
,
Johannes Rueckel
,
Anna Theresa Stüber
,
Sophia S. Goller
,
Jan Rudolph
,
Felix Escher
,
Theresia Aschauer
,
Boj Hoppe
,
Jens Ricke
,
Bastian O. Sabel
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-w
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-w
Background The growing demand for follow-up imaging highlights the need for tools supporting the assessment of pulmonary nodules over time. We evaluated the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for automated nodule matching. Methods In this single-center study, patients with nodules and ≤ 2 chest computed tomography (CT) examinations were retrospectively selected. An AI-based algorithm was used for automated nodule detection and matching. The matching rate and the causes for incorrect matching were evaluated for the ten largest lesions (5–30 mm in diameter) registered on baseline CT. The dependence of the matching rate on nodule number and localization was also analyzed. Results One hundred patients (46 females), with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range 57–69), and 253 CTs were included. Focusing on the ten largest lesions, 1,141 lesions were identified, of which 36 (3.2%) were other structures incorrectly identified as nodules (false-positives). Of the 1,105 identified nodules, 964 (87.2%) were correctly detected and matched. The matching rate for nodules registered in both baseline and follow-up scans was 97.8%. The matching rate per case ranged 80.0–100.0% (median 90.0%). Correct matching rate decreased in follow-up examinations to over 50 nodules ( p = 0.003), with an overrepresentation of missed matching. Matching rates were higher in parenchymal (91.8%), peripheral (84.4%), and juxtavascular (82.4%) nodules than in juxtaphrenic nodules (71.1%) ( p < 0.001). Missed matching was overrepresented in juxtavascular, and incorrect assignment in juxtaphrenic nodules. Conclusion The correct automated-matching rate of metastatic pulmonary nodules in follow-up examinations was high, but it depends on localization and a number of nodules. Relevance statement The algorithm enables precise follow-up matching of pulmonary nodules, potentially providing a solid basis for standardized and accurate evaluations. Understanding the algorithm’s strengths and weaknesses based on nodule localization and number enhances the interpretation of AI-based results. Key Points The AI algorithm achieved a correct nodule matching rate of 87.2% and up to 97.8% when considering nodules detected in both baseline and follow-up scans. Matching accuracy depended on nodule number and localization. This algorithm has the potential to support response evaluation criteria in solid tumor-based evaluations in clinical practice. Graphical Abstract
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-w
- https://eurradiolexp.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-w
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 42
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4410028416
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4410028416Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-wDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Artificial intelligence-based automated matching of pulmonary nodules on follow-up chest CTWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-05-02Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Nicola Fink, Jonathan I. Sperl, Johannes Rueckel, Anna Theresa Stüber, Sophia S. Goller, Jan Rudolph, Felix Escher, Theresia Aschauer, Boj Hoppe, Jens Ricke, Bastian O. SabelList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-wPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://eurradiolexp.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-wDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://eurradiolexp.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s41747-025-00579-wDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Interquartile range, Nodule (geology), Medicine, Radiology, False positive paradox, True positive rate, Matching (statistics), Neuroradiology, Nuclear medicine, Artificial intelligence, Surgery, Pathology, Computer science, Neurology, Psychiatry, Paleontology, BiologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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42Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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