Artificial intelligence perspectives: A systematic literature review on modeling, control, and optimization of fluid catalytic cracking Article Swipe
Mustapha K. Khaldi
,
Mujahed Al‐Dhaifallah
,
Othman Taha
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066
The Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCC) is a key process that plays an important technical and economical role in the refining industry. Over the past years, there has been an increased interest in applying advanced process modeling and control that would lead to a significant economic benefit of FCC operation. This has resulted in a substantial number of contributions within this field. This paper provides a comprehensive overview about the current state of knowledge in modeling, control, and optimization of FCC and compares the various approaches that were applied recently with special attention to artificial intelligence methodologies. The motive behind adopting an economic process optimization and control scheme is also presented and discussed.
Related Topics
Concepts
Fluid catalytic cracking
Refining (metallurgy)
Process (computing)
Control (management)
Cracking
Computer science
Field (mathematics)
Key (lock)
Engineering
Management science
Risk analysis (engineering)
Industrial engineering
Process engineering
Artificial intelligence
Business
Materials science
Mathematics
Computer security
Metallurgy
Pure mathematics
Composite material
Operating system
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 28
- References
- 140
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4386290260
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4386290260Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Artificial intelligence perspectives: A systematic literature review on modeling, control, and optimization of fluid catalytic crackingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-08-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mustapha K. Khaldi, Mujahed Al‐Dhaifallah, Othman TahaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Fluid catalytic cracking, Refining (metallurgy), Process (computing), Control (management), Cracking, Computer science, Field (mathematics), Key (lock), Engineering, Management science, Risk analysis (engineering), Industrial engineering, Process engineering, Artificial intelligence, Business, Materials science, Mathematics, Computer security, Metallurgy, Pure mathematics, Composite material, Operating systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
28Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 13, 2024: 14, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
140Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4386290260 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4386290260 |
| fwci | 6.96788682 |
| type | article |
| title | Artificial intelligence perspectives: A systematic literature review on modeling, control, and optimization of fluid catalytic cracking |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 80 |
| biblio.last_page | 314 |
| biblio.first_page | 294 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11053 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Process Optimization and Integration |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10791 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9883000254631042 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Advanced Control Systems Optimization |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10551 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9810000061988831 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2209 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 860 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 860 |
| apc_paid.value | 860 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 860 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C31052017 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8650799989700317 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900812 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Fluid catalytic cracking |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C60044698 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.673399806022644 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283324 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Refining (metallurgy) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C98045186 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5826881527900696 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Process (computing) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2775924081 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5162711143493652 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Control (management) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C58396970 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4606904983520508 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Cracking |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.45683711767196655 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C9652623 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.45163968205451965 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Field (mathematics) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C26517878 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.41852933168411255 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Key (lock) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3918224275112152 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C539667460 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3789229094982147 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Management science |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C112930515 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.36872708797454834 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Risk analysis (engineering) |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C13736549 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3593079447746277 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Industrial engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C21880701 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.3401871621608734 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Process engineering |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.1677422821521759 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.15366768836975098 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Business |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.1105048656463623 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.07679402828216553 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C191897082 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Metallurgy |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C202444582 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Pure mathematics |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Operating system |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-catalytic-cracking |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8650799989700317 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Fluid catalytic cracking |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/refining |
| keywords[1].score | 0.673399806022644 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Refining (metallurgy) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/process |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5826881527900696 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Process (computing) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5162711143493652 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Control (management) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cracking |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4606904983520508 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Cracking |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.45683711767196655 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/field |
| keywords[6].score | 0.45163968205451965 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Field (mathematics) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/key |
| keywords[7].score | 0.41852933168411255 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Key (lock) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3918224275112152 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3789229094982147 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Management science |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis |
| keywords[10].score | 0.36872708797454834 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Risk analysis (engineering) |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3593079447746277 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Industrial engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering |
| keywords[12].score | 0.3401871621608734 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Process engineering |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[13].score | 0.1677422821521759 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[14].score | 0.15366768836975098 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Business |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[15].score | 0.1105048656463623 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[16].score | 0.07679402828216553 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Mathematics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764413287 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1110-0168, 2090-2670 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1110-0168 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17980ea9d2a74c0d809d0c784d19c477 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol 80, Iss , Pp 294-314 (2023) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/17980ea9d2a74c0d809d0c784d19c477 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042777692 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-0458 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Mustapha K. Khaldi |
| authorships[0].countries | SA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 3126, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yez3163 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Mustapha K. Khaldi |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 3126, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068864964 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-2146 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mujahed Al‐Dhaifallah |
| authorships[1].countries | SA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 3126, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | IRC for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yez3163 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 3126, Saudi Arabia, IRC for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5110963743 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Othman Taha |
| authorships[2].countries | SA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210143841 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Process & Control Systems Department, ARAMCO, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210143841 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ypap427 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210143841 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Othman Taha |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Process & Control Systems Department, ARAMCO, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Artificial intelligence perspectives: A systematic literature review on modeling, control, and optimization of fluid catalytic cracking |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11053 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Process Optimization and Integration |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2390878185, https://openalex.org/W2071903482, https://openalex.org/W2577951086, https://openalex.org/W2084016367, https://openalex.org/W2350310555, https://openalex.org/W1996530082, https://openalex.org/W2993442111, https://openalex.org/W181824268, https://openalex.org/W2471343802, https://openalex.org/W2762483558 |
| cited_by_count | 28 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 13 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 14 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764413287 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1110-0168, 2090-2670 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1110-0168 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764413287 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1110-0168, 2090-2670 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1110-0168 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Alexandria Engineering Journal |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.08.066 |
| publication_date | 2023-08-29 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2955629688, https://openalex.org/W2331756863, https://openalex.org/W2076216884, https://openalex.org/W1982614926, https://openalex.org/W2047788627, https://openalex.org/W2049127026, https://openalex.org/W1974073187, https://openalex.org/W6720431271, https://openalex.org/W4232286913, https://openalex.org/W4220894645, https://openalex.org/W1969035083, https://openalex.org/W1180582729, https://openalex.org/W2001615201, https://openalex.org/W4240381504, https://openalex.org/W1975978491, https://openalex.org/W2068339185, https://openalex.org/W2051937796, https://openalex.org/W2033531968, https://openalex.org/W2028750913, https://openalex.org/W2086404817, https://openalex.org/W6650908073, https://openalex.org/W4250024737, https://openalex.org/W1985609713, https://openalex.org/W1975010516, https://openalex.org/W1975191105, https://openalex.org/W2479137749, https://openalex.org/W2320012511, https://openalex.org/W3091589646, https://openalex.org/W2947181237, https://openalex.org/W3127688467, https://openalex.org/W4234452799, https://openalex.org/W2883875673, https://openalex.org/W3147831590, https://openalex.org/W2807555463, https://openalex.org/W2212358897, https://openalex.org/W2772666039, https://openalex.org/W1563252872, https://openalex.org/W4200510672, https://openalex.org/W3006121017, https://openalex.org/W6772494703, https://openalex.org/W2905388449, https://openalex.org/W3118637680, https://openalex.org/W2064675550, https://openalex.org/W2110485445, https://openalex.org/W6782586541, https://openalex.org/W2887353277, https://openalex.org/W2107878631, https://openalex.org/W2896070684, https://openalex.org/W2079735306, https://openalex.org/W2965450285, https://openalex.org/W4283696165, https://openalex.org/W3019565832, https://openalex.org/W2052928199, https://openalex.org/W2137983211, https://openalex.org/W3194668998, https://openalex.org/W3131917094, https://openalex.org/W4283699721, https://openalex.org/W2411786938, https://openalex.org/W4300592670, https://openalex.org/W4299590935, https://openalex.org/W2900511962, https://openalex.org/W2167101736, https://openalex.org/W2925507233, https://openalex.org/W2970602317, https://openalex.org/W2789758093, https://openalex.org/W4306955484, https://openalex.org/W4385764034, https://openalex.org/W4385763767, https://openalex.org/W2020993791, https://openalex.org/W2797545397, https://openalex.org/W1993895874, https://openalex.org/W3026103152, https://openalex.org/W4206668000, https://openalex.org/W3130542902, https://openalex.org/W2131752366, https://openalex.org/W6600266280, https://openalex.org/W2795028059, https://openalex.org/W3002323418, https://openalex.org/W2885441463, https://openalex.org/W3163338397, https://openalex.org/W2005529933, https://openalex.org/W4283259725, https://openalex.org/W2039669503, https://openalex.org/W2122700429, https://openalex.org/W1594702243, https://openalex.org/W2000133914, https://openalex.org/W2018855922, https://openalex.org/W6745411254, https://openalex.org/W2029952318, https://openalex.org/W2139935156, https://openalex.org/W2075851731, https://openalex.org/W6741817706, https://openalex.org/W3108457994, https://openalex.org/W4255875169, https://openalex.org/W2334439252, https://openalex.org/W2948470182, https://openalex.org/W2958155767, https://openalex.org/W4283750471, https://openalex.org/W4221049268, https://openalex.org/W2049211407, https://openalex.org/W6794096019, https://openalex.org/W1481142450, https://openalex.org/W6683337894, https://openalex.org/W2105257772, https://openalex.org/W2910805264, https://openalex.org/W4382517008, https://openalex.org/W6726007911, https://openalex.org/W2626566348, https://openalex.org/W2599286392, https://openalex.org/W2803529408, https://openalex.org/W3152716910, https://openalex.org/W6797299675, https://openalex.org/W2010492706, https://openalex.org/W2947911019, https://openalex.org/W3046353933, https://openalex.org/W2756224927, https://openalex.org/W2980256785, https://openalex.org/W4295136022, https://openalex.org/W6771130051, https://openalex.org/W3193359576, https://openalex.org/W3117709577, https://openalex.org/W3154960147, https://openalex.org/W4200196007, https://openalex.org/W4319296754, https://openalex.org/W4296940639, https://openalex.org/W2991284427, https://openalex.org/W4213092958, https://openalex.org/W3049683529, https://openalex.org/W3173571877, https://openalex.org/W2000233124, https://openalex.org/W616787660, https://openalex.org/W2470954957, https://openalex.org/W4214520033, https://openalex.org/W2001854658, https://openalex.org/W2765929071, https://openalex.org/W4205369203, https://openalex.org/W4251558360, https://openalex.org/W4253431036, https://openalex.org/W4229870742, https://openalex.org/W3155311026 |
| referenced_works_count | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 7, 43, 54, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 12, 29, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 18, 32, 53, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 6, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 47, 57, 72, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 42, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FCC | 48, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 15, 37, 77, 81, 105, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 27, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 19, 23, 69, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Over | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 50, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.past | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 10, 39, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unit | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(FCC) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fluid | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.would | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behind | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field. | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.motive | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applied | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefit | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 38, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 9, 35, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.special | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cracking | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adopting | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advanced | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applying | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compares | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 45, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interest | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modeling | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overview | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recently | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refining | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulted | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Catalytic | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modeling, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technical | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artificial | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economical | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation. | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantial | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligence | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 78, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributions | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodologies. | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5068864964 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I134085113 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.49000000953674316 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.97103797 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |