The telecommunications sector has experienced remarkable expansion over the past few decades,driven by rising competition, rapid technological advancements, and ever-changing customerexpectations. To remain competitive in this evolving environment, telecom operators must prioritizecustomer retention and the delivery of personalized services. Two of the most pressing challenges inthis context are churn prediction and customer segmentation. Churn prediction involves identifyingsubscribers who are at high risk of dis…