Association between Smoking and Risk of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Article Swipe
Karn Wijarnpreecha
,
Monia E. Werlang
,
Panadeekarn Panjawatanan
,
Paul T. Kröner
,
Omar Y. Mousa
,
Surakit Pungpapong
,
Frank Lukens
,
Denise M. Harnois
,
Patompong Ungprasert
·
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-181
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-181
Background and Aims: Studies have suggested that smokers may have a higher risk of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) although the results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to better characterize the risk of PBC among smokers by identifying all relevant studies and summarizing their results together. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Embase and Pubmed/MEDLINE databases from inception to September 2018 to identify all studies which compared the risk of PBC among current, ever and former smokers to non-smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results: Nine case-control studies with 21,577 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of PBC among ever smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03-1.67; I 2 89%). Subgroup analysis found that the risk was higher in both former smokers (pooled OR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.84; I 2 75%) and current smokers (pooled OR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94-1.50; I 2 79%), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect of cigarettes were the possible mechanisms behind this increased risk. Conclusions: A significantly increased risk of PBC among individuals who ever smoked was observed in this study, adding to the already long list of harmful health consequences of smoking.
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Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-181
- https://www.jgld.ro/jgld/index.php/jgld/article/download/181/121
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 33
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2953039089
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W2953039089Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-181Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Association between Smoking and Risk of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisWork title
- Type
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reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2019Year of publication
- Publication date
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2019-06-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Karn Wijarnpreecha, Monia E. Werlang, Panadeekarn Panjawatanan, Paul T. Kröner, Omar Y. Mousa, Surakit Pungpapong, Frank Lukens, Denise M. Harnois, Patompong UngprasertList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-181Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.jgld.ro/jgld/index.php/jgld/article/download/181/121Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.jgld.ro/jgld/index.php/jgld/article/download/181/121Direct OA link when available
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Medicine, Meta-analysis, Internal medicine, Gastroenterology, Environmental healthTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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14Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 3, 2024: 2, 2023: 3, 2022: 3, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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33Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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