Associations between smartphone keystroke dynamics and cognition in MS Article Swipe
Michelle H. Chen
,
Alex Leow
,
Mindy K. Ross
,
John DeLuca
,
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti
,
Silvana L. Costa
,
Helen M. Genova
,
Erica Weber
,
Faraz Hussain
,
Alexander P. Demos
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143234
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143234
Objective Examine the associations between smartphone keystroke dynamics and cognitive functioning among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Sixteen persons with MS with no self-reported upper extremity or typing difficulties and 10 healthy controls (HCs) completed six weeks of remote monitoring of their keystroke dynamics (i.e., how they typed on their smartphone keyboards). They also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and symptom ratings about fatigue, depression, and anxiety at baseline. Results A total of 1,335,787 keystrokes were collected, which were part of 30,968 typing sessions. The MS group typed slower ( P < .001) and more variably ( P = .032) than the HC group. Faster typing speed was associated with better performance on measures of processing speed ( P = .016), attention ( P = .022), and executive functioning (cognitive flexibility: P = .029; behavioral inhibition: P = .002; verbal fluency: P = .039), as well as less severe impact from fatigue ( P < .001) and less severe anxiety symptoms ( P = .007). Those with better cognitive functioning and less severe symptoms showed a stronger correlation between the use of backspace and autocorrection events ( P < .001). Conclusion Typing speed may be sensitive to cognitive functions subserved by the frontal–subcortical brain circuits. Individuals with better cognitive functioning and less severe symptoms may be better at monitoring their typing errors. Keystroke dynamics have the potential to be used as an unobtrusive remote monitoring method for real-life cognitive functioning among persons with MS, which may improve the detection of relapses, evaluate treatment efficacy, and track disability progression.
Related Topics
Concepts
Keystroke dynamics
Cognition
Anxiety
Neuropsychology
Keystroke logging
Verbal fluency test
Psychology
Neuropsychological assessment
Clinical psychology
Executive functions
Depression (economics)
Typing
Medicine
Psychiatry
Computer science
Macroeconomics
Password
Speech recognition
Operating system
Computer network
S/KEY
Economics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143234
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 26
- References
- 43
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4311281816
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4311281816Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143234Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Associations between smartphone keystroke dynamics and cognition in MSWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Michelle H. Chen, Alex Leow, Mindy K. Ross, John DeLuca, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Silvana L. Costa, Helen M. Genova, Erica Weber, Faraz Hussain, Alexander P. DemosList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143234Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143234Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Keystroke dynamics, Cognition, Anxiety, Neuropsychology, Keystroke logging, Verbal fluency test, Psychology, Neuropsychological assessment, Clinical psychology, Executive functions, Depression (economics), Typing, Medicine, Psychiatry, Computer science, Macroeconomics, Password, Speech recognition, Operating system, Computer network, S/KEY, EconomicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
26Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 9, 2024: 10, 2023: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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43Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sixteen | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anxiety | 67, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 4, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors. | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fatigue | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthy | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.persons | 12, 19, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratings | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptom | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controls | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics | 7, 44, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fatigue, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluency: | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stronger | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptoms | 161, 174, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variably | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1,335,787 | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Keystroke | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.backspace | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baseline. | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circuits. | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognitive | 9, 169, 198, 209, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.completed | 35, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy, | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.executive | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extremity | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keystroke | 6, 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real-life | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relapses, | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sclerosis | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitive | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sessions. | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subserved | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(cognitive | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavioral | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disability | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keystrokes | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 40, 219, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smartphone | 5, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Individuals | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlation | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depression, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functioning | 10, 129, 170, 210, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibition: | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keyboards). | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unobtrusive | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associations | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficulties | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexibility: | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progression. | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-reported | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autocorrection | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuropsychological | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frontal–subcortical | 203 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 98 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5053715723 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I102322142, https://openalex.org/I2802203029 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5600000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.94787183 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |